Shekhar Chander, Khosya Reetu, Thakur Kushal, Mahajan Danish, Kumar Rakesh, Kumar Sunil, Sharma Amit Kumar
Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh Shahpur Campus, Kangra 176206, India.
Toxicol Rep. 2024 Nov 30;13:101840. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101840. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Pesticides are widely used to control pests, but their widespread use raises concerns regarding potential health risks for humans. There are several routes through which pesticides can be ingested, inhaled, and absorbed, resulting in acute and long-term health consequences. This systematic review synthesizes the available evidence regarding the health risks and long-term effects of pesticide exposure, with a particular focus on epidemiological and toxicological studies. A systematic review was conducted by searching scientific databases i.e. Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were selected based on their focus on pesticide exposure, health risks, and long-term effects. Meta-analysis was conducted where sufficient homogeneity of outcomes allowed. This review identified consistent associations between chronic pesticide exposure and non-communicable diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and endocrine disruptions. An increased incidence of respiratory issues and neurodegenerative diseases was often associated with occupational exposure to pesticides. People exposed for a prolonged or high intensity time period, particularly agricultural workers, were more likely to experience long-term health effects. There are a number of factors that influences the ability to draw definitive conclusions, including variations in pesticide types, exposure levels, and health outcomes. Chronic exposure to pesticides presents significant health risks, particularly for individuals in high-exposure environments like agriculture. While evidence indicates strong associations with several long-term health conditions, additional research is necessary to elucidate dose-response relationships and mechanisms of action. This review underscores the necessity for enhanced regulatory measures and improved safety protocols to mitigate pesticide-related health risks.
农药被广泛用于控制害虫，但其广泛使用引发了人们对其对人类潜在健康风险的担忧。农药可通过多种途径被摄入、吸入和吸收，从而导致急性和长期的健康后果。本系统综述综合了有关农药暴露的健康风险和长期影响的现有证据，特别关注流行病学和毒理学研究。通过检索科学数据库，即Scopus和Web of Science，对2000年至2024年发表的同行评审文章进行了系统综述。根据对农药暴露、健康风险和长期影响的关注来选择研究。在结果具有足够同质性的情况下进行荟萃分析。本综述确定了慢性农药暴露与非传染性疾病之间的一致关联，包括癌症、神经紊乱和内分泌干扰。呼吸道问题和神经退行性疾病发病率的增加通常与职业性接触农药有关。长期或高强度接触农药的人群，尤其是农业工人，更有可能经历长期健康影响。有许多因素影响得出明确结论的能力，包括农药类型、暴露水平和健康结果的差异。慢性接触农药会带来重大健康风险，尤其是对于农业等高暴露环境中的个体。虽然有证据表明与几种长期健康状况有密切关联，但仍需要更多研究来阐明剂量反应关系和作用机制。本综述强调了加强监管措施和改进安全规程以减轻与农药相关的健康风险的必要性。
