Sadjjadi Seyed Mahmoud
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, P.O. Box 71345-1735, Iran.
Parasitol Int. 2006;55 Suppl:S197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.030. Epub 2005 Dec 6.
Echinococcosis is one of the major zoonotic parasitic diseases in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa from Morocco to Egypt. Both cystic and alveolar echinococcosis has been reported from these areas. However, cystic echinococcosis is more prevalent and has been reported from all countries in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Alveolar echinococcosis is less prevalent and has been reported only from Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Tunisia. Present situation of echinococcosis in dogs and other definitive hosts, animal intermediate hosts and humans in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa has been reviewed. Echinococcus granulosus is highly prevalent in Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya. In the Levant countries, the cystic echinococcosis is also highly endemic. In Oman, it is endemic with low prevalence and a very low level in Cyprus. Various surveys have indicated that hydatid cysts are commonly found in sheep, cattle, goats and camels throughout the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. Sheep are the most infected animals of these regions. Most of studies on human have been focused on surgical reports although several population studies have been performed using serological and imaging techniques. Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is prevalent in the Middle East and Arabic North Africa. It is hyper endemic in Iran, Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria, and endemic in Egypt. Studies on the strain specificities of E. granulosus in the Middle East revealed sheep strain (G1) present in sheep, goats, cattle, camels and humans, and the camel strain (G6) in camels, sheep, cattle as well as humans. Dog/sheep strain seems to be more prevalent in the foregoing regions in documented reports from Iran and Jordan. However, a strain of E. granulosus, which resembles the horse strain (G4) strain, has been reported from Jordan. Strain specifications of E. granulosus in Arabic North Africa showed that sheep/dog strain (G1) have been reported from Tunisia and Libya both from humans and animals. However, in Egypt the human cases reported are of camel/dog strain.
棘球蚴病是中东地区以及从摩洛哥到埃及的阿拉伯北非地区主要的人畜共患寄生虫病之一。这些地区均报告过囊型和泡型棘球蚴病。然而，囊型棘球蚴病更为普遍，中东和阿拉伯北非的所有国家均有报告。泡型棘球蚴病的流行程度较低，仅在伊朗、土耳其、伊拉克和突尼斯有报告。本文综述了中东和阿拉伯北非地区犬类及其他终末宿主、动物中间宿主和人类的棘球蚴病现状。细粒棘球绦虫在伊朗、土耳其、伊拉克、摩洛哥、突尼斯和利比亚高度流行。在黎凡特国家，囊型棘球蚴病也高度流行。在阿曼呈地方性流行但患病率较低，在塞浦路斯则处于极低水平。各项调查表明，中东和阿拉伯北非各地的绵羊、牛、山羊和骆驼中普遍发现有包虫囊肿。绵羊是这些地区受感染最严重的动物。尽管已使用血清学和成像技术进行了多项人群研究，但大多数关于人类的研究都集中在外科报告上。人类囊型棘球蚴病（CE）在中东和阿拉伯北非地区流行。在伊朗、土耳其、伊拉克、约旦、摩洛哥、利比亚、突尼斯和阿尔及利亚呈高度地方性流行，在埃及呈地方性流行。对中东地区细粒棘球绦虫菌株特异性的研究表明，绵羊菌株（G1）存在于绵羊、山羊、牛、骆驼和人类中，骆驼菌株（G6）存在于骆驼、绵羊、牛以及人类中。根据伊朗和约旦的文献报告，犬/羊菌株似乎在上述地区更为普遍。然而，约旦报告了一种类似于马菌株（G4）的细粒棘球绦虫菌株。阿拉伯北非地区细粒棘球绦虫的菌株特征表明，突尼斯和利比亚均从人类和动物中报告了绵羊/犬菌株（G1）。然而，埃及报告的人类病例为骆驼/犬菌株。
