Stellrecht Nadia E, Gordon Kathryn H, Van Orden Kimberly, Witte Tracy K, Wingate LaRicka R, Cukrowicz Kelly C, Butler Melanie, Schmidt Norman B, Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara, Joiner Thomas E
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, FL 32306-1270, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2006 Feb;62(2):211-22. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20224.
This article reviews the interpersonal-psychological theory of attempted and completed suicide and describes its applications in suicide risk assessment, crisis intervention, and skills-based psychotherapies. Three components are necessary, but not sufficient, for an individual to die by suicide: (1) the acquired capability to enact lethal self-injury, (2) a sense that one is a burden on others, and (3) the sense that one does not belong to a valued social group. We suggest that therapeutic interventions should focus on ascertaining the presence of these components and work to amend the cognitive distortions, negative interpersonal response styles, and ineffective coping behaviors that serve to maintain suicidal urges.
本文回顾了自杀未遂和自杀既遂的人际心理理论，并描述了其在自杀风险评估、危机干预和技能型心理治疗中的应用。个体自杀死亡需要三个必要但不充分的因素：（1）获得实施致命性自我伤害的能力；（2）感觉自己是他人的负担；（3）感觉自己不属于有价值的社会群体。我们建议治疗性干预应着重确定这些因素的存在，并努力纠正那些维持自杀冲动的认知扭曲、消极人际反应方式和无效应对行为。
