Murphy C J, Zadnik K, Mannis M J
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Jul;33(8):2459-63.
The refractive error of 240 phakic dogs of various breeds was measured using streak retinoscopy and averaged (-0.27 +/- 1.41 D relative to infinity). Analysis by breed showed that the German Shepherd, Rottweiler, and Miniature Schnauzer breeds had an increased prevalence of myopia with an average refractive error of -0.86 +/- 1.31 D, -1.77 +/- 1.84 D, and -0.66 +/- 1.05 D, respectively. Myopia also was found in older dogs with marked nuclear sclerosis of the crystalline lens. Fifty-three percent of all German Shepherd dogs in a veterinary clinic population (n = 58 eyes) had a myopic refraction of greater than or equal to -0.50 D; 64% of all Rottweiler dogs (n = 28 eyes) were myopic. An in-depth investigation of German Shepherd dogs, using A-scan ultrasonography, photokeratoscopy, and streak retinoscopy, was done at Guide Dogs for the Blind (San Rafael, CA). By contrast with the results obtained in the veterinary clinic population, the overall average refractive error of guide dog German Shepherd dogs (n = 106 eyes) was +0.19 +/- 0.81 D, and only 15% of these dogs were myopic. The axial length and corneal curvature of myopic eyes did not differ significantly from nonmyopic eyes.
使用带状检影法测量了240只不同品种有晶状体眼犬的屈光不正，并计算其平均值（相对于无穷远为-0.27±1.41 D）。按品种分析表明，德国牧羊犬、罗威纳犬和迷你雪纳瑞犬近视患病率增加，平均屈光不正分别为-0.86±1.31 D、-1.77±1.84 D和-0.66±1.05 D。在患有明显晶状体核硬化的老年犬中也发现了近视。一家兽医诊所群体中的所有德国牧羊犬（n = 58只眼）中有53%的近视屈光度数大于或等于-0.50 D；所有罗威纳犬（n = 28只眼）中有64%为近视。在盲人导盲犬训练中心（加利福尼亚州圣拉斐尔）对德国牧羊犬进行了深入研究，使用A超超声检查、角膜地形图检查和带状检影法。与在兽医诊所群体中获得的结果相比，导盲犬德国牧羊犬（n = 106只眼）的总体平均屈光不正为+0.19±0.81 D，这些犬中只有15%为近视。近视眼的眼轴长度和角膜曲率与非近视眼没有显著差异。
