Laurencin Cato, Khan Yusuf, El-Amin Saadiq F
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering & Chemical Engineering, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006 Jan;3(1):49-57. doi: 10.1586/17434440.3.1.49.
The current gold standard of bone grafts is the autograft since it possesses all the characteristics necessary for new bone growth, namely osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteoinductivity. However, the autograft has its limitations, including donor-site morbidity and supply limitations, hindering this as an option for bone repair. An extensive list of currently available alternatives to bone grafts is provided, along with a classification scheme that divides these bone graft substitutes into five groups depending on the primary material composition: allograft, cell, factor, ceramic and polymer. Of the bone graft substitutes listed, several are discussed in detail. Beyond the current state of the art, attention is paid to what lies ahead in the field of bone graft substitutes. Biodegradable composite structures and various new architectures are discussed, as are newly developed polymeric materials, with tissue engineering providing the platform for future directions within this discipline.
目前骨移植的金标准是自体骨，因为它具备新骨生长所需的所有特性，即骨传导性、成骨性和骨诱导性。然而，自体骨也有其局限性，包括供体部位的并发症和供应限制，这阻碍了其成为骨修复的一种选择。本文提供了一份目前可用的骨移植替代物的详尽清单，以及一种分类方案，该方案根据主要材料成分将这些骨移植替代物分为五类：同种异体骨、细胞、因子、陶瓷和聚合物。在列出的骨移植替代物中，有几种将进行详细讨论。除了当前的技术水平，还关注骨移植替代物领域的未来发展。讨论了可生物降解的复合结构和各种新的架构，以及新开发的聚合材料，组织工程为该学科的未来发展提供了平台。
