Muris Peter, Ollendick Thomas H
Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2005 Dec;8(4):271-89. doi: 10.1007/s10567-005-8809-y.
A substantial proportion of children and adolescents come to suffer from psychological disorders. This article focuses on the temperament factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of child psychopathology. It is argued that besides the reactive temperament factor of emotionality/neuroticism, the regulative process of effortful control also plays an important role in the etiology and maintenance of internalizing and externalizing problems in youths. More specifically, vulnerability to child psychopathology is determined by a temperament that is characterized by high levels of emotionality/neuroticism and low levels of effortful control. Models are hypothesized in which reactive and regulative temperament factors either have interactive or additive effects on the development of psychological disorders in children, and conceptualized in terms of a developmental psychopathology perspective. Directions for future research and clinical implications of this temperamental view on psychopathology are discussed.
相当一部分儿童和青少年开始患有心理障碍。本文重点关注与儿童精神病理学发病机制相关的气质因素。有人认为，除了情绪性/神经质的反应性气质因素外，努力控制的调节过程在青少年内化和外化问题的病因及维持中也起着重要作用。更具体地说，儿童精神病理学的易感性由情绪性/神经质水平高且努力控制水平低的气质所决定。文中假设了一些模型，其中反应性和调节性气质因素对儿童心理障碍的发展要么具有交互作用，要么具有累加作用，并从发展性精神病理学的角度进行了概念化。本文还讨论了未来研究的方向以及这种气质观对精神病理学的临床意义。
