Domeneghini C, Di Giancamillo A, Arrighi S, Bosi G
Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Histol Histopathol. 2006 Mar;21(3):273-83. doi: 10.14670/HH-21.273.
The correct functional development of the gastrointestinal tract is of special importance during the neonatal and weaning phases of reared piglets. Nutrition is obviously a critical determinant in the growth of the gut in the young swine. The mucosal epithelium of the small intestine is reputed anatomically and functionally immature in neonatal pigs, a feature that appears to be exacerbated at weaning, when a colonization of the gut occurs by "new" microorganisms entering the alimentary canal with the solid feed. This frequently exposes piglets to diarrhoeic syndromes and other intestinal disturbances. Functional feed additives, also called nutraceuticals, appear as promising alternative substances to the use of chemotherapeutics as growth promoters in the rearing farm, above all considering the near banning of them by the European Parliament in the view of reducing antibiotic resistance phenomena in human therapies. Several feed additives are available that may play a role in the pig nutritional plan because of their trophic and cyto-protective effects on the gastrointestinal apparatus. Paying special attention to the quantitative consequences (histometry) upon the gut of the examined dietary supplements, this review, even if not fully exhaustive, will focus on the function (and possibly the mechanism/s of action) of certain gut-trophic nutrient substrates. This in turn will sustain the potential use of these substances in human therapy, especially the one directed at resolving intestinal diseases, both in adult and infant ages. In nutritional studies as well as in other biomedical research fields, the swine is an excellent animal model.
胃肠道的正确功能发育在仔猪的新生期和断奶期尤为重要。营养显然是幼猪肠道生长的关键决定因素。新生仔猪的小肠黏膜上皮在解剖学和功能上被认为是不成熟的，断奶时这一特征似乎会加剧，此时“新”微生物随着固体饲料进入消化道，在肠道内定植。这经常使仔猪面临腹泻综合征和其他肠道紊乱问题。功能性饲料添加剂，也称为营养保健品，似乎是养殖农场中作为生长促进剂使用化学治疗剂的有前景的替代物质，尤其是考虑到欧洲议会为减少人类治疗中的抗生素耐药现象而几乎禁止使用它们。有几种饲料添加剂可能因其对胃肠道的营养和细胞保护作用而在猪的营养计划中发挥作用。特别关注所研究的膳食补充剂对肠道的定量影响（组织测量），本综述即使并不全面，也将聚焦于某些肠道营养性营养底物的功能（以及可能的作用机制）。这反过来将支持这些物质在人类治疗中的潜在用途，特别是针对解决成人和婴儿肠道疾病的治疗。在营养研究以及其他生物医学研究领域，猪是一种优秀的动物模型。
