Panter A T, Swygert K A, Grant Dahlstrom W, Tanaka J S
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3270, USA.
J Pers Assess. 1997 Jun;68(3):561-89. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6803_6.
Factor analysis models have played a central role in formulating conceptual models in personality and personality assessment, as well as in empirical examinations of personality measurement instruments. Yet, the use of item-level data presents special problems for factor analysis, applications. In this article, we review recent developments in factor analysis that are appropriate for the type of item-level data often collected in personality. Included in this review are discussions of how these developments have been addressed in the context of two different (but formally related) statistical models item response theory (IRT: Hambleton, Swaminathan, & Rogers, 1991) and structural, equation modeling (Bollen 1989) for item-level data. We also discuss the relevance of item scaling in the context of these models. Using the restandardization data for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Scale (cf. Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989), we show brief examples of the utility of these approaches to address basic questions about responses to personality scale items regarding: (a) scale, dimensionality and general item properties, (b) the "appropriateness" of the observed responses, and (c) differential item functioning across subsamples. implications for analyses of personality item-level data in the IRT and factor analytic traditions are discussed.
因素分析模型在构建人格及人格评估的概念模型以及对人格测量工具进行实证检验方面发挥了核心作用。然而，项目层面数据的使用给因素分析应用带来了特殊问题。在本文中，我们回顾了因素分析的最新进展，这些进展适用于人格研究中经常收集的项目层面数据类型。本综述包括对这些进展如何在两种不同（但形式上相关）的统计模型——项目反应理论（IRT：Hambleton、Swaminathan和Rogers，1991）以及用于项目层面数据的结构方程建模（Bollen，1989）的背景下得到解决的讨论。我们还讨论了在这些模型背景下项目量表的相关性。利用明尼苏达多相人格问卷-2量表的重新标准化数据（参见Butcher、Dahlstrom、Graham、Tellegen和Kaemmer，1989），我们展示了这些方法在解决关于人格量表项目反应的基本问题方面的实用性的简短示例，这些问题包括：（a）量表、维度和一般项目属性，（b）观察到的反应的“适当性”，以及（c）不同子样本间的项目功能差异。文中还讨论了IRT和因素分析传统中对人格项目层面数据分析的影响。
