Domijan Ana-Marija, Peraica Maja, Cvjetković Bogdan, Turcin Suncana, Jurjević Zeljko, Ivić Dario
Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb Croatia.
Acta Pharm. 2005 Dec;55(4):349-56.
Maize grain samples (n=15) collected during the autumn of 2002 were analyzed for the presence of moulds and mycotoxins fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2), zearalenone (ZEA), and ochratoxin A (OTA). Mycological analysis showed that all samples were contaminated with Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp., while Aspergillus spp. were found in 5 samples. F. proliferatum and F. verticilloides, the producers of fumonisins, were found in 14 and 8 samples, respectively, while F. graminearum, the producer of ZEA, was present in all samples. The most frequent mycotoxins were FB1 (15/15) and ZEA (12/15), followed by OTA (7/15), while FB2 was found in only two samples. Seven samples were contaminated with two mycotoxins, seven with three, and one sample with only one mycotoxin. The concentrations (mean+/-SD) of FB1, ZEA, and OTA in positive samples were 459.5+/-314.6, 1.70+/-0.80, and 1.40+/-0.55 microg kg-1, respectively, and the concentrations of FB2 in two samples were 68.4 and 3084.0 microg kg-1. In general, such low mycotoxin concentrations are not a significant source of exposure to humans, but they may contribute to exposure from other commodities. A few samples with extreme values indicate that strict control is needed.
对2002年秋季采集的15份玉米籽粒样本进行了霉菌和霉菌毒素伏马菌素B1（FB1）、伏马菌素B2（FB2）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）的检测。真菌学分析表明，所有样本均被镰刀菌属和青霉属污染，5份样本中发现有曲霉属。分别在14份和8份样本中检测到伏马菌素的产生菌串珠镰刀菌和轮枝镰刀菌，所有样本中均存在玉米赤霉烯酮的产生菌禾谷镰刀菌。最常见的霉菌毒素是FB1（15/15）和ZEA（12/15），其次是OTA（7/15），而仅在两份样本中发现FB2。7份样本被两种霉菌毒素污染，7份被三种污染，1份样本仅被一种霉菌毒素污染。阳性样本中FB1、ZEA和OTA的浓度（平均值±标准差）分别为459.5±314.6、1.70±0.80和1.40±0.55微克/千克，两份样本中FB2的浓度分别为68.4和3084.0微克/千克。总体而言，如此低的霉菌毒素浓度对人类来说并非重要的暴露源，但它们可能会增加来自其他商品的暴露风险。少数含有极值的样本表明需要进行严格控制。
