Swain David P, Franklin Barry A
Department of Exercise Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jan 1;97(1):141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.130. Epub 2005 Nov 16.
Aerobic fitness, not merely physical activity, is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Vigorous intensity exercise has been shown to increase aerobic fitness more effectively than moderate intensity exercise, suggesting that the former may confer greater cardioprotective benefits. An electronic search of published studies using PubMed was conducted for 2 types of investigations, epidemiologic studies that evaluated the benefits of physical activity of varying intensity levels and clinical trials that trained individuals at different intensities of exercise while controlling for the total energy expenditure. A secondary search was conducted using the references from these studies. The epidemiologic studies consistently found a greater reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease with vigorous (typically > or =6 METs) than with moderate intensity physical activity and reported more favorable risk profiles for individuals engaged in vigorous, as opposed to moderate, intensity physical activity. Clinical trials generally reported greater improvements after vigorous (typically > or =60% aerobic capacity) compared with moderate intensity exercise for diastolic blood pressure, glucose control, and aerobic capacity, but reported no intensity effect on improvements in systolic blood pressure, lipid profile, or body fat loss. In conclusion, if the total energy expenditure of exercise is held constant, exercise performed at a vigorous intensity appears to convey greater cardioprotective benefits than exercise of a moderate intensity.
有氧适能而非仅仅是身体活动，与心血管疾病风险降低相关。与中等强度运动相比，剧烈强度运动已被证明能更有效地提高有氧适能，这表明前者可能带来更大的心脏保护益处。利用PubMed对已发表的研究进行了电子检索，检索了两类研究：评估不同强度身体活动益处的流行病学研究，以及在控制总能量消耗的同时对不同强度运动的个体进行训练的临床试验。利用这些研究的参考文献进行了二次检索。流行病学研究一致发现，与中等强度身体活动相比，剧烈强度（通常≥6梅脱）身体活动使心血管疾病风险降低得更多，并且报告称从事剧烈强度而非中等强度身体活动的个体风险状况更有利。临床试验一般报告称，与中等强度运动相比，剧烈强度运动（通常≥60%有氧能力）后舒张压、血糖控制和有氧能力的改善更大，但报告称对收缩压、血脂谱或体脂减少的改善没有强度效应。总之，如果运动的总能量消耗保持不变，剧烈强度运动似乎比中等强度运动能带来更大的心脏保护益处。
