Fein Taylor, Muhammad T, Lee Soomi
Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 101 Huck Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 325 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Jul 5. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05887-y.
To examine whether the interaction between exercise intensity and sleep duration/quality is associated with heart rate variability (HRV).
A sample of 391 adults (M = 57 years) from the Midlife in the United States Biomarker study 2004-2009 provided sleep actigraphy, electrocardiogram (ECG) HRV measurements, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and answered questions on exercise habits. Participants were grouped as short (< 6 h) or non-short sleepers (≥ 6 h), poor (> 5 PSQI global score), or good sleepers (< 6 PSQI global score), and exercise was divided into vigorous (VPA) and moderate (MPA) intensities. Based on CDC guidelines, VPA was classified into adequate (≥ 75 min/week) and inadequate (< 75 min/week) groups. For MPA, adequate (≥ 150 min/week) and inadequate (< 150 min/week) groups. Linear models, adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related covariates, examined the interaction between sleep duration/quality and exercise on HRV.
Inadequate VPA was associated with lower HRV, HF-HRV (B = - 0.25, SE = 0.09, p = 0.007), and RMSSD (B = - 0.15, SE = 0.05, p = 0.0009). MPA showed no significant main associations with HRV. Sleep duration/quality did not show direct associations with HRV; however, interactions were found with sleep duration. Among short sleepers, inadequate VPA was associated with lower HF-HRV (B = - 0.62, SE = 0.25, p = 0.01) and inadequate MPA was associated with lower RMSSD (B = - 0.26, SE = 0.10, p = 0.01) compared to adequate exercise. Among non-short sleepers, there were no significant differences in HRV between exercise groups.
These findings suggest that short sleep and inadequate exercise may interact to lower HRV.
研究运动强度与睡眠时间/质量之间的相互作用是否与心率变异性（HRV）相关。
从2004 - 2009年美国中年生物标志物研究中选取391名成年人（平均年龄57岁）作为样本，他们提供了睡眠活动记录仪数据、心电图（ECG）HRV测量值，完成了匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），并回答了有关运动习惯的问题。参与者被分为短睡眠者（<6小时）或非短睡眠者（≥6小时）、睡眠质量差（PSQI全球评分>5）或睡眠质量好（PSQI全球评分<6），运动分为剧烈运动（VPA）和中等强度运动（MPA）。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的指南，VPA分为充足组（≥75分钟/周）和不足组（<75分钟/周）。对于MPA，分为充足组（≥150分钟/周）和不足组（<150分钟/周）。采用线性模型，并对社会人口统计学和健康相关协变量进行调整，以研究睡眠时间/质量与运动对HRV的相互作用。
VPA不足与较低的HRV、高频HRV（B = -0.25，标准误 = 0.09，p = 0.007）和RMSSD（B = -0.15，标准误 = 0.05，p = 0.0009）相关。MPA与HRV无显著的主要关联。睡眠时间/质量与HRV无直接关联；然而，发现与睡眠时间存在相互作用。在短睡眠者中，与充足运动相比，VPA不足与较低的高频HRV（B = -0.62，标准误 = 0.25，p = 0.01）相关，MPA不足与较低的RMSSD（B = -0.26，标准误 = 0.10，p = 0.01）相关。在非短睡眠者中，运动组之间的HRV无显著差异。
这些发现表明，短睡眠和运动不足可能相互作用降低HRV。
