Jaiswal Pankaj, Ni Junjian, Yap Immanuel, Ware Doreen, Spooner William, Youens-Clark Ken, Ren Liya, Liang Chengzhi, Zhao Wei, Ratnapu Kiran, Faga Benjamin, Canaran Payan, Fogleman Molly, Hebbard Claire, Avraham Shuly, Schmidt Steven, Casstevens Terry M, Buckler Edward S, Stein Lincoln, McCouch Susan
Department of Plant Breeding, 240 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jan 1;34(Database issue):D717-23. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkj154.
Rice, maize, sorghum, wheat, barley and the other major crop grasses from the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are mankind's most important source of calories and contribute tens of billions of dollars annually to the world economy (FAO 1999, http://www.fao.org; USDA 1997, http://www.usda.gov). Continued improvement of Poaceae crops is necessary in order to continue to feed an ever-growing world population. However, of the major crop grasses, only rice (Oryza sativa), with a compact genome of approximately 400 Mbp, has been sequenced and annotated. The Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org) takes advantage of the known genetic colinearity (synteny) between rice and the major crop plant genomes to provide maize, sorghum, millet, wheat, oat and barley researchers with the benefits of an annotated genome years before their own species are sequenced. Gramene is a one stop portal for finding curated literature, genetic and genomic datasets related to maps, markers, genes, genomes and quantitative trait loci. The addition of several new tools to Gramene has greatly facilitated the potential for comparative analysis among the grasses and contributes to our understanding of the anatomy, development, environmental responses and the factors influencing agronomic performance of cereal crops. Since the last publication on Gramene database by D. H. Ware, P. Jaiswal, J. Ni, I. V. Yap, X. Pan, K. Y. Clark, L. Teytelman, S. C. Schmidt, W. Zhao, K. Chang et al. [(2002), Plant Physiol., 130, 1606-1613], the database has undergone extensive changes that are described in this publication.
稻、玉米、高粱、小麦、大麦以及禾本科（Gramineae）的其他主要农作物草类是人类最重要的热量来源，每年为世界经济贡献数百亿美元（粮农组织，1999年，http://www.fao.org；美国农业部，1997年，http://www.usda.gov）。为了继续养活不断增长的世界人口，有必要持续改良禾本科作物。然而，在主要的农作物草类中，只有基因组紧凑、约为400兆碱基对的水稻（Oryza sativa）已被测序和注释。Gramene数据库（http://www.gramene.org）利用水稻与主要农作物基因组之间已知的遗传共线性（同线性），在玉米、高粱、小米、小麦、燕麦和大麦的物种测序之前数年，为这些作物的研究人员提供注释基因组带来的便利。Gramene是一个一站式门户，用于查找与图谱、标记、基因、基因组和数量性状位点相关的精选文献、遗传和基因组数据集。向Gramene添加的几个新工具极大地促进了禾本科之间进行比较分析的可能性，并有助于我们理解谷类作物的解剖结构、发育、环境响应以及影响农艺性能的因素。自D. H. Ware、P. Jaiswal、J. Ni、I. V. Yap、X. Pan、K. Y. Clark、L. Teytelman、S. C. Schmidt、W. Zhao、K. Chang等人发表关于Gramene数据库的上一篇文章[（2002年），《植物生理学》，130，1606 - 1613]以来，该数据库经历了广泛的变化，本文对此进行了描述。
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