von Hertzen Leena, Mäkelä Mika J, Petäys Tuula, Jousilahti Pekka, Kosunen Timo U, Laatikainen Tiina, Vartiainen Erkki, Haahtela Tari
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Jan;117(1):151-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.028. Epub 2005 Oct 3.
Western lifestyle has consistently been associated with the current asthma and atopy epidemics. We examined the occurrence and risk factors of atopy among schoolchildren and their mothers in 2 geographically adjacent areas with fundamental differences in living conditions and lifestyles.
A population-based study of 2 generations was carried out in eastern Finland and in western Russia. Randomly selected schoolchildren aged 7 to 16 years (367 in Finland and 446 in Russia) and their mothers (365 and 437, respectively) were enrolled. Data were obtained by using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and by performing skin prick tests against 14 common airborne and food allergens.
In children a 4-fold higher risk for atopy (> or =1 positive prick test result) was found in Finland compared with Russia. Sensitization rates in Finland were generally higher among children compared with those of their mothers, whereas in Russia the opposite trends emerged. Parental farming in early life (<1 year) in Finland (odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.28-0.99) and in Russia (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.22-1.03) and currently in Finland (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.91) conferred protection against atopy. Having pets, dogs in Finland (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.95) and cats in Russia (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.80), in early life was also inversely associated with atopy.
Atopy was several-fold more common in Finland compared with in Russia, and disparities in sensitization rates between the countries have further increased during these generations. The similarity of explanatory variables of atopy in both countries suggests that determinants of atopy are shared, at least in similar geoclimatic conditions.
西方生活方式一直与当前的哮喘和特应性疾病流行相关。我们在两个生活条件和生活方式存在根本差异的地理相邻地区，研究了学龄儿童及其母亲中特应性疾病的发生情况和危险因素。
在芬兰东部和俄罗斯西部开展了一项基于人群的两代人研究。纳入了随机选取的7至16岁学龄儿童（芬兰367名，俄罗斯446名）及其母亲（分别为365名和437名）。通过使用改良的儿童哮喘和过敏国际研究问卷，并针对14种常见的空气传播和食物过敏原进行皮肤点刺试验来获取数据。
与俄罗斯相比，芬兰儿童患特应性疾病（≥1次阳性点刺试验结果）的风险高4倍。芬兰儿童的致敏率总体上高于其母亲，而在俄罗斯则出现相反趋势。芬兰（优势比[OR]，0.53；95%置信区间，0.28 - 0.99）和俄罗斯（OR，0.47；95%置信区间，0.22 - 1.03）早年（<1年）以及芬兰目前的父母务农情况可预防特应性疾病。早年在芬兰养宠物狗（OR，0.57；95%置信区间，0.35 - 0.95）和在俄罗斯养猫（OR，0.43；95%置信区间，0.2,4 - 0.80）也与特应性疾病呈负相关。
与俄罗斯相比，芬兰的特应性疾病发病率高出数倍，而且在这几代人中，两国之间的致敏率差异进一步加大。两国特应性疾病解释变量的相似性表明，至少在相似的地理气候条件下，特应性疾病的决定因素是相同的。
