Vandenbulcke Liesbet, Bachert Claus, Van Cauwenberge Paul, Claeys Sofie
Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2006;139(2):159-65. doi: 10.1159/000090393. Epub 2005 Dec 23.
There has been an increasing prevalence of allergic diseases in the Western world over the last decades. The hygiene hypothesis has been proposed as a possible explanation for this epidemical trend in allergy. A key role in this theory is assigned to the reduced microbial stimulation of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in early life, which could lead to a weaker Th1 response and a stronger Th2 response to allergens. The individual immunological response is determined by the interplay between the dose and timing of exposure to endotoxins, other environmental factors and genetic predisposition. In the development and progression of allergic disorders, the innate immune system plays an important role.
In this review, we discuss the paradoxical effects that may appear when the innate immune components are triggered. We review the influence of changes in the gene sequence and TLR expression in relation to the overall pattern of commensals and pathogens. We explored the possibility of alternative stimulations of the immune system by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and probiotics as therapeutic devices against this endemic disease in Western society.
Selection of papers was based on the importance of their contribution to the understanding of innate immunity and its implications.
The innate immune system plays an important role in both the protection against and the enhancement of allergic disorders, but the mechanisms are still unclear. Nevertheless, gene polymorphisms and triggers of the innate immune system provide therapeutic targets for protection against and treatment of allergic disorders.
在过去几十年中，西方世界过敏性疾病的患病率一直在上升。卫生假说被认为是这种过敏流行趋势的一种可能解释。该理论的一个关键作用是归因于生命早期Toll样受体（TLR）的微生物刺激减少，这可能导致对过敏原的Th1反应减弱和Th2反应增强。个体的免疫反应由内毒素暴露的剂量和时间、其他环境因素以及遗传易感性之间的相互作用决定。在过敏性疾病的发生和发展过程中，先天免疫系统起着重要作用。
在本综述中，我们讨论了先天免疫成分被触发时可能出现的矛盾效应。我们回顾了基因序列变化和TLR表达与共生菌和病原体总体模式的关系的影响。我们探讨了使用CpG寡脱氧核苷酸和益生菌作为针对西方社会这种地方病的治疗手段来替代刺激免疫系统的可能性。
论文的选择基于其对理解先天免疫及其影响的贡献的重要性。
先天免疫系统在预防和加重过敏性疾病中都起着重要作用，但其机制仍不清楚。然而，先天免疫系统的基因多态性和触发因素为预防和治疗过敏性疾病提供了治疗靶点。
