Luber Petra, Brynestad Sigrid, Topsch Daniela, Scherer Kathrin, Bartelt Edda
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan;72(1):66-70. doi: 10.1128/AEM.72.1.66-70.2006.
Numerous outbreak investigations and case-control studies for campylobacteriosis have provided evidence that handling Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products is a risk factor for infection and illness. There is currently extremely limited quantitative data on the levels of Campylobacter cross-contamination in the kitchen, hindering risk assessments for the pathogen commodity combination of Campylobacter and chicken meat. An exposure assessment needs to quantify the transfer of the bacteria from chicken to hands and the kitchen environment and from there onto ready-to-eat foods. We simulated some typical situations in kitchens and quantified the Campylobacter transfer from naturally contaminated chicken parts most commonly used in Germany. One scenario simulated the seasoning of five chicken legs and the reuse of the same plate for cooked meat. In another, five chicken breast filets were cut into small slices on a wooden board where, without intermediate cleaning, a cucumber was sliced. We also investigated the transfer of the pathogen from chicken via hands to a bread roll. The numbers of Campylobacter present on the surfaces of the chicken parts, hands, utensils, and ready-to-eat foods were detected by using Preston enrichment and colony counting after surface plating on Karmali agar. The mean transfer rates from legs and filets to hands were 2.9 and 3.8%. The transfer from legs to the plate (0.3%) was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) than the percentage transferred from filets to the cutting board and knife (1.1%). Average transfer rates from hands or kitchen utensils to ready-to-eat foods ranged from 2.9 to 27.5%.
众多关于弯曲杆菌病的疫情调查和病例对照研究已提供证据表明,处理受弯曲杆菌污染的鸡肉产品是感染和患病的一个风险因素。目前,关于厨房中弯曲杆菌交叉污染水平的定量数据极为有限,这阻碍了对弯曲杆菌与鸡肉这一病原体商品组合的风险评估。暴露评估需要量化细菌从鸡肉转移到双手和厨房环境以及从那里转移到即食食品上的情况。我们模拟了厨房中的一些典型场景,并对德国最常用的自然污染鸡肉部位的弯曲杆菌转移情况进行了量化。一种场景模拟了给五条鸡腿调味并将同一个盘子用于盛放熟肉。在另一种场景中,在一块木板上把五块鸡胸肉片切成小片,之后在未进行中间清洁的情况下,在同一木板上切了一根黄瓜。我们还研究了病原体从鸡肉通过手转移到面包卷上的情况。通过在卡尔玛利琼脂上进行表面接种后使用普雷斯顿富集法和菌落计数法,检测了鸡肉部位、手、器具和即食食品表面的弯曲杆菌数量。从鸡腿和鸡胸肉转移到手上的平均转移率分别为2.9%和3.8%。从鸡腿转移到盘子上的比例(0.3%)显著低于(P < 0.01)从鸡胸肉转移到砧板和刀具上的比例(1.1%)。从手或厨房器具转移到即食食品上的平均转移率在2.9%至27.5%之间。