Ganz David A, Higashi Takahiro, Rubenstein Laurence Z
Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Dec;53(12):2190-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00509.x.
To determine whether the interval over which patients are asked to remember their falls affects fall reporting.
Systematic literature review.
Community.
Individuals being monitored for falls in prospective studies that asked participants to recall falls over varying intervals.
Sensitivity and specificity of retrospective recall compared with a criterion-standard prospective assessment using some form of ongoing fall monitoring.
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Recall of falls in the previous year was specific (specificity 91-95%) but less sensitive (sensitivity 80-89%) than the criterion standard of ongoing prospective collection of fall data using fall calendars or postcards. Patients with injurious falls were more likely to recall their falls. Lower Mini-Mental State Examination score was associated with poorer recall of falls in the one study addressing this issue.
Whenever accurate data on all falls are critical, such as with interventions to decrease the rate of falls, researchers should gather information on falls every week or every month from study participants. The optimal method of fall monitoring--postcard, calendar, diary, telephone, or some combination of these--remains unknown.
确定要求患者回忆跌倒事件的时间间隔是否会影响跌倒报告。
系统文献综述。
社区。
在前瞻性研究中接受跌倒监测的个体，这些研究要求参与者回忆不同时间间隔内的跌倒事件。
与使用某种形式的持续跌倒监测的标准前瞻性评估相比，回顾性回忆的敏感性和特异性。
六项研究符合纳入标准。回忆前一年的跌倒事件具有特异性（特异性为91%-95%），但与使用跌倒日历或明信片进行持续前瞻性收集跌倒数据的标准相比，敏感性较低（敏感性为80%-89%）。发生伤害性跌倒的患者更有可能回忆起他们的跌倒事件。在一项涉及此问题的研究中，较低的简易精神状态检查表得分与较差的跌倒回忆能力相关。
每当所有跌倒的准确数据至关重要时，例如在降低跌倒发生率的干预措施中，研究人员应每周或每月从研究参与者那里收集跌倒信息。跌倒监测的最佳方法——明信片、日历、日记、电话或这些方式的某种组合——仍然未知。
