Sun Yuanyuan, Yu Hongxia, Zhang Jingfei, Yin Ying, Shen Hua, Liu Hongling, Wang Xiaorong
Department of Environment Science, School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 Mar;63(3):430-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.02.001.
HC Orange No. 1 is used as a color additive in hair dyes and colors. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the accumulation of HC Orange No. 1 in goldfish and the biochemical responses in liver of freshwater goldfish Carassius auratus. Goldfish were exposed to 1.0 mg/L HC Orange No. 1 for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 96 h. Results showed that the concentrations of HC Orange No. 1 in water decreased rapidly in the first 24h, and then maintained equilibrium, while the concentrations of HC Orange No. 1 in goldfish reached a maximum level at 24 h, and then descended appreciably. For the total loss of HC Orange No. 1 in water 16.4% was due to the accumulation by goldfish, and approximately 57.6% resulted from metabolism by goldfish. After calculation, lgBCF is equal to 2.11. Hence, HC Orange bioaccumulation is significantly affected by a fast metabolic clearance in goldfish. Next, we investigated the biochemical responses in liver of freshwater goldfish C. auratus. It was shown that the hepatic antioxidant defense parameters of goldfish, including the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), were highly sensitive to HC Orange No. 1 exposure, accompanied by changes of HC Orange No. 1 accumulation in liver tissue. Changes of these parameters indicated that there was an increase in the production of oxyradicals by goldfish and the presence of oxidative stress. These findings also implied that glutathione as well as other antioxidant enzymes function in the protection against HC Orange No. 1 toxicity and that these antioxidants provide a first line of defense against HC Orange No. 1, before the induction of any other detoxification mechanism.
酸性橙1号用作染发剂和颜料中的色素添加剂。在本研究中，进行了实验室实验以测定酸性橙1号在金鱼体内的蓄积情况以及淡水金鱼（Carassius auratus）肝脏的生化反应。将金鱼暴露于1.0 mg/L的酸性橙1号中6、12、24、36、48、60、72和96小时。结果表明，水中酸性橙1号的浓度在前24小时迅速下降，然后保持平衡，而金鱼体内酸性橙1号的浓度在24小时达到最高水平，然后明显下降。水中酸性橙1号的总损失中，16.4%是由于金鱼的蓄积，约57.6%是由于金鱼的代谢。经计算，lgBCF等于2.11。因此，金鱼快速的代谢清除对酸性橙的生物蓄积有显著影响。接下来，我们研究了淡水金鱼肝脏的生化反应。结果表明，金鱼肝脏的抗氧化防御参数，包括还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性，对酸性橙1号暴露高度敏感，同时伴随着肝脏组织中酸性橙1号蓄积量的变化。这些参数的变化表明金鱼体内氧自由基的产生增加以及存在氧化应激。这些发现还意味着谷胱甘肽以及其他抗氧化酶在抵御酸性橙1号毒性方面发挥作用，并且在诱导任何其他解毒机制之前，这些抗氧化剂提供了抵御酸性橙1号的第一道防线。
