Volpe Stella Lucia
School of Nursing, Division of Biobehavioral and Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Nursing Education Building, 420 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006 Jan-Feb;21(1):34-9. doi: 10.1097/00005082-200601000-00008.
The percentage of people who are overweight and obese has increased tremendously over the last 30 years. It has become a worldwide epidemic. This is evident by the number of children are being diagnosed with a body mass index >85th percentile, and the number of children begin diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease previously reserved for adults. The weight loss industry has also gained from this epidemic; it is a billion dollar industry. People pay large sums of money on diet pills, remedies, and books, with the hope of losing weight permanently. Despite these efforts, the number of individuals who are overweight or obese continues to increase. Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disorder. It would be impossible to address all aspects of diet, exercise, and weight loss in this review. Therefore, this article will review popular weight loss diets, with particular attention given to comparing low fat diets with low carbohydrate diets. In addition, the role that the environment plays on both diet and exercise and how they impact obesity will be addressed. Finally, the National Weight Control Registry will be discussed.
在过去30年里，超重和肥胖人群的比例大幅上升。这已成为一种全球流行病。儿童被诊断出体重指数高于第85百分位数的数量，以及开始被诊断出患有2型糖尿病（一种以前只在成年人中出现的疾病）的儿童数量，都证明了这一点。减肥产业也从这种流行病中获利；它是一个价值数十亿美元的产业。人们在减肥药、疗法和书籍上花费大量金钱，希望能永久减肥。尽管付出了这些努力，超重或肥胖的人数仍在继续增加。肥胖是一种复杂的多因素疾病。在这篇综述中不可能涉及饮食、运动和减肥的所有方面。因此，本文将回顾流行的减肥饮食，特别关注比较低脂饮食和低碳水化合物饮食。此外，还将探讨环境在饮食和运动方面所起的作用以及它们如何影响肥胖。最后，将讨论国家体重控制登记处。
