Anton Stephen D, Hida Azumi, Heekin Kacey, Sowalsky Kristen, Karabetian Christy, Mutchie Heather, Leeuwenburgh Christiaan, Manini Todd M, Barnett Tracey E
Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Jul 31;9(8):822. doi: 10.3390/nu9080822.
The present review examined the evidence base for current popular diets, as listed in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report, on short-term (≤six months) and long-term (≥one year) weight loss outcomes in overweight and obese adults. For the present review, all diets in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report Rankings for "Best Weight-Loss Diets", which did not involve specific calorie targets, meal replacements, supplementation with commercial products, and/or were not categorized as "low-calorie" diets were examined. Of the 38 popular diets listed in the U.S. News & World Report, 20 met our pre-defined criteria. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science using preset key terms to identify all relevant clinical trials for these 20 diets. A total of 16 articles were identified which reported findings of clinical trials for seven of these 20 diets: (1) Atkins; (2) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH); (3) Glycemic-Index; (4) Mediterranean; (5) Ornish; (6) Paleolithic; and (7) Zone. Of the diets evaluated, the Atkins Diet showed the most evidence in producing clinically meaningful short-term (≤six months) and long-term (≥one-year) weight loss. Other popular diets may be equally or even more effective at producing weight loss, but this is unknown at the present time since there is a paucity of studies on these diets.
本综述研究了2016年《美国新闻与世界报道》中列出的当前流行饮食法对超重和肥胖成年人短期（≤6个月）和长期（≥1年）体重减轻结果的证据基础。对于本综述，研究了2016年《美国新闻与世界报道》“最佳减肥饮食法”排名中的所有饮食法，这些饮食法不涉及特定的卡路里目标、代餐、商业产品补充，且/或未被归类为“低热量”饮食法。在美国新闻与世界报道列出的38种流行饮食法中，有20种符合我们预先设定的标准。通过PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和科学网进行文献检索，使用预设关键词来确定这20种饮食法的所有相关临床试验。共确定了16篇文章，这些文章报告了其中7种饮食法的临床试验结果：（1）阿特金斯饮食法；（2）终止高血压膳食方法（DASH）；（3）血糖指数饮食法；（4）地中海饮食法；（5）奥尼什饮食法；（6）旧石器饮食法；（7）区域饮食法。在评估的饮食法中，阿特金斯饮食法在产生具有临床意义的短期（≤6个月）和长期（≥1年）体重减轻方面显示出最多的证据。其他流行饮食法在减肥方面可能同样有效甚至更有效，但目前尚不清楚，因为关于这些饮食法的研究很少。
