Gottlieb Daniel A
University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
Behav Processes. 2006 Mar;72(1):6-13. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2005.11.008. Epub 2006 Jan 4.
Partial reinforcement often leads to asymptotically higher rates of responding and number of trials with a response than does continuous reinforcement in pigeon autoshaping. However, comparisons typically involve a partial reinforcement schedule that differs from the continuous reinforcement schedule in both time between reinforced trials and probability of reinforcement. Two experiments examined the relative contributions of these two manipulations to asymptotic response rate. Results suggest that the greater responding previously seen with partial reinforcement is primarily due to differential probability of reinforcement and not differential time between reinforced trials. Further, once established, differences in responding are resistant to a change in stimulus and contingency. Secondary response theories of autoshaped responding (theories that posit additional response-augmenting or response-attenuating mechanisms specific to partial or continuous reinforcement) cannot fully accommodate the current body of data. It is suggested that researchers who study pigeon autoshaping train animals on a common task prior to training them under different conditions.
在鸽子的自动成型实验中，部分强化往往会导致渐近更高的反应率和每次反应的试验次数，这比连续强化的情况更为明显。然而，通常的比较涉及到一种部分强化程序，它在强化试验之间的时间和强化概率上都与连续强化程序不同。两项实验研究了这两种操作对渐近反应率的相对贡献。结果表明，之前在部分强化中观察到的更大反应主要是由于强化概率的差异，而不是强化试验之间的时间差异。此外，一旦形成，反应差异对刺激和偶然性的变化具有抗性。自动成型反应的二级反应理论（即假设存在特定于部分或连续强化的额外反应增强或反应减弱机制的理论）无法完全解释当前的全部数据。建议研究鸽子自动成型的研究人员在让动物在不同条件下训练之前，先在一个共同任务上对其进行训练。
