Aufderheide Tom, Hazinski Mary Fran, Nichol Graham, Steffens Suzanne Smith, Buroker Andrew, McCune Robin, Stapleton Edward, Nadkarni Vinay, Potts Jerry, Ramirez Raymond R, Eigel Brian, Epstein Andrew, Sayre Michael, Halperin Henry, Cummins Richard O
Circulation. 2006 Mar 7;113(9):1260-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.172289. Epub 2006 Jan 16.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death for adults > or =40 years of age. The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that sudden cardiac arrest is responsible for about 250,000 out-of-hospital deaths annually in the United States. Since the early 1990s, the AHA has called for innovative approaches to reduce time to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation and improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest. In the mid-1990s, the AHA launched a public health initiative to promote early CPR and early use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by trained lay responders in community (lay rescuer) AED programs. Between 1995 and 2000, all 50 states passed laws and regulations concerning lay rescuer AED programs. In addition, the Cardiac Arrest Survival Act (CASA, Public Law 106-505) was passed and signed into federal law in 2000. The variations in state and federal legislation and regulations have complicated efforts to promote lay rescuer AED programs and in some cases have created impediments to such programs. Since 2000, most states have reexamined lay rescuer AED statutes, and many have passed legislation to remove impediments and encourage the development of lay rescuer AED programs. The purpose of this statement is to help policymakers develop new legislation or revise existing legislation to remove barriers to effective community lay rescuer AED programs. Important areas that should be considered in state legislation and regulations are highlighted, and sample legislation sections are included. Potential sources of controversy and the rationale for proposed legislative components are noted. This statement will not address legislation to support home AED programs. Such recommendations may be made after the conclusion of a large study of home AED use.
心血管疾病是40岁及以上成年人的主要死因。美国心脏协会（AHA）估计，在美国，心脏骤停每年导致约25万例院外死亡。自20世纪90年代初以来，AHA一直呼吁采取创新方法，以减少心肺复苏（CPR）和除颤的时间，并提高心脏骤停后的生存率。20世纪90年代中期，AHA发起了一项公共卫生倡议，以促进社区（非专业救援人员）自动体外除颤器（AED）计划中受过培训的非专业救援人员尽早进行心肺复苏并尽早使用自动体外除颤器。1995年至2000年间，美国50个州都通过了有关非专业救援人员AED计划的法律法规。此外，《心脏骤停生存法案》（CASA，公法106 - 505）于2000年通过并签署成为联邦法律。州和联邦法律法规的差异使得推广非专业救援人员AED计划的工作变得复杂，在某些情况下还对这些计划造成了阻碍。自2000年以来，大多数州都重新审视了非专业救援人员AED法规，许多州已经通过立法来消除障碍并鼓励非专业救援人员AED计划的发展。本声明的目的是帮助政策制定者制定新的立法或修订现有立法，以消除有效社区非专业救援人员AED计划的障碍。强调了州立法和法规中应考虑的重要领域，并包含了示例立法条款。指出了潜在的争议来源以及拟议立法组成部分的理由。本声明不涉及支持家庭AED计划的立法。此类建议可能会在一项关于家庭AED使用的大型研究结束后提出。
