Connolly G M, Casswell S, Stewart J, Silva P A
Department of Community Health, Medical School, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Br J Addict. 1992 Jul;87(7):1029-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb03120.x.
This study investigated the influence of the situational characteristics of the drinking setting and a number of parental, personal and demographic variables on adolescents' alcohol use. The sample were 15-year-old participants in a multidisciplinary longitudinal study carried out in New Zealand. Measures of alcohol consumption were self reported amount of alcohol consumed on the most recent drinking occasion and amount usually consumed. All of the situational variables investigated had an effect on the amount of alcohol consumed on the most recent occasion. Greater amounts of alcohol were consumed if the alcohol was obtained from peers or by the 15-year-olds themselves, if the drink was consumed away from their own home, in the presence of peers only, and during the evening. More money to spend each week and lower SES were also associated with reports of greater alcohol consumption on the most recent drinking occasion. Adolescents with female friends who approved of drinking reported greater amounts of alcohol, the effect of female friends was most marked in the lower amounts reported by males who had female friends that disapproved of drinking. For amount of alcohol usually consumed, reports of larger amounts of alcohol were associated with more money available to spend each week and with lower SES. Furthermore, both males and females reported greater usual amounts if their male friends approved of drinking; female friends' approval was associated with greater amounts of alcohol usually being consumed, this effect was strongest for males. Sixty-eight per cent of the 15-year-olds indicated that they thought they definitely or probably would get drunk in the future.
本研究调查了饮酒环境的情境特征以及一些父母、个人和人口统计学变量对青少年饮酒行为的影响。样本为参与新西兰一项多学科纵向研究的15岁参与者。饮酒量的测量指标为自我报告的最近一次饮酒场合的饮酒量以及通常的饮酒量。所有被调查的情境变量都对最近一次饮酒场合的饮酒量有影响。如果酒精是从同龄人处获得或由15岁青少年自己获取，如果饮酒是在离家之外、仅在同龄人在场的情况下以及在晚上进行，那么饮酒量会更大。每周可支配更多金钱以及较低的社会经济地位也与最近一次饮酒场合报告的饮酒量增加有关。有赞成饮酒的女性朋友的青少年报告饮酒量更大，女性朋友的影响在有不赞成饮酒的女性朋友的男性所报告的较低饮酒量中最为明显。对于通常的饮酒量，报告饮酒量较大与每周可支配更多金钱以及较低的社会经济地位有关。此外，无论男性还是女性，如果他们的男性朋友赞成饮酒，他们报告的通常饮酒量都会更大；女性朋友的赞成与通常饮酒量增加有关，这种影响对男性最为强烈。15岁青少年中有68%表示他们认为自己将来肯定或很可能会喝醉。
