Prenafeta-Boldú Francesc X, Summerbell Richard, Sybren de Hoog G
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Jan;30(1):109-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00007.x.
The biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by fungi has traditionally been considered to be of a cometabolic nature. Recently, however, an increasing number of fungi isolated from air biofilters exposed to hydrocarbon-polluted gas streams have been shown to assimilate volatile aromatic hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. The biosystematics, ecology, and metabolism of such fungi are reviewed here, based in part on re-evaluation of a collection of published hydrocarbon-degrading isolates obtained from authors around the world. Incorrect or outdated identifications in original publications are corrected by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The data show that many volatile-hydrocarbon-degrading strains are closely related to, or in some cases clearly conspecific with, the very restricted number of human-pathogenic fungal species causing severe mycoses, especially neurological infections, in immunocompetent individuals. Neurochemistry features a distinctive array of phenolic and aliphatic compounds that are related to molecules involved in the metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons. Hence, there may be physiological connections between hydrocarbon assimilation and certain patterns of mammalian infection.
传统上认为真菌对芳香烃的生物降解具有共代谢性质。然而，最近有越来越多从接触烃污染气流的空气生物滤器中分离出的真菌被证明能够将挥发性芳香烃作为唯一的碳源和能源进行同化。本文对这类真菌的生物系统学、生态学和代谢进行了综述，部分基于对从世界各地作者处获得的已发表的烃降解分离株的重新评估。通过核糖体DNA序列分析纠正了原始出版物中不正确或过时的鉴定。数据表明，许多挥发性烃降解菌株与极少数在免疫功能正常个体中引起严重真菌病，尤其是神经感染的人类致病真菌物种密切相关，在某些情况下甚至明显同种。神经化学具有一系列独特的酚类和脂肪族化合物，这些化合物与参与芳香烃代谢的分子有关。因此，烃同化与某些哺乳动物感染模式之间可能存在生理联系。
