Minh Thang Nguyen, Bhushan Indu, Bloom Erik, Bonu Sekhar
US Agency for International Development, Vietnam.
J Biosoc Sci. 2007 Jan;39(1):41-58. doi: 10.1017/S0021932006001234. Epub 2006 Jan 27.
This paper addresses the overall performance and inequalities in the immunization of children in Vietnam. Descriptive and logistic analysis of cross-national demographic and health data was used to examine inequality in immunization, identify the most vulnerable groups in immunization coverage, and identify the gap in coverage between hard-to-access people and the remainder of the population. The gap in the coverage was found to occur primarily in vulnerable groups such as the poor minority or poor rural children. No evidence was found of a difference in immunization coverage because of sex or birth order. However, the age of children showed a significant influence on the rate of immunization. Mother's education and regular watching of television had a significant influence on child immunization. In order to improve child immunization coverage in Vietnam, efforts should be concentrated on poor children from minority groups and those living in rural areas, especially remote ones. Community development, investment for immunization and re-organization of immunization services at the grassroots level are also key factors to remove the barriers to immunization for vulnerable populations in Vietnam.
本文探讨了越南儿童免疫接种的总体情况及不平等问题。利用跨国人口与健康数据进行描述性和逻辑分析，以检验免疫接种方面的不平等现象，确定免疫接种覆盖率方面最脆弱的群体，并找出难以接触到的人群与其他人群在覆盖率上的差距。发现覆盖率差距主要出现在贫困少数民族儿童或贫困农村儿童等弱势群体中。未发现因性别或出生顺序导致免疫接种覆盖率存在差异的证据。然而，儿童年龄对免疫接种率有显著影响。母亲的教育程度和经常看电视对儿童免疫接种有显著影响。为提高越南儿童免疫接种覆盖率，应集中精力关注少数民族贫困儿童以及农村地区尤其是偏远地区的儿童。社区发展、免疫接种投资以及基层免疫接种服务的重组也是消除越南弱势群体免疫接种障碍的关键因素。
