Salmon Daniel A, Smith Philip J, Navar Ann Marie, Pan William K Y, Omer Saad B, Singleton James A, Halsey Neal A
Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608, USA.
Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:27-40. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxj001. Epub 2006 Jun 1.
Control of vaccine-preventable diseases depends on maintaining high levels of immunization coverage. Immunization coverage among preschool children remains suboptimal in some areas and sociodemographic subgroups, as well as for more recently introduced vaccines, leaving susceptible young children vulnerable to complications from vaccine-preventable diseases. This paper reviews approaches historically used to measure immunization coverage among preschool children in the United States. The strengths and weaknesses of various approaches to measuring immunization coverage among preschool children are explored, with emphasis on the current means to measure national immunization coverage-the National Immunization Survey. Methods for measuring immunization coverage among preschool children at local and state levels are also evaluated. Future opportunities and challenges for measuring immunization coverage at the local, state, and national levels are explored.
对疫苗可预防疾病的控制取决于维持高水平的免疫接种覆盖率。在一些地区、社会人口亚组以及对于最近引入的疫苗而言，学龄前儿童的免疫接种覆盖率仍未达到最佳水平，使得易感幼儿容易患上疫苗可预防疾病的并发症。本文回顾了美国历史上用于衡量学龄前儿童免疫接种覆盖率的方法。探讨了衡量学龄前儿童免疫接种覆盖率的各种方法的优缺点，重点是衡量国家免疫接种覆盖率的当前手段——国家免疫调查。还评估了在地方和州层面衡量学龄前儿童免疫接种覆盖率的方法。探讨了在地方、州和国家层面衡量免疫接种覆盖率的未来机遇和挑战。
