Lalwani Ashok K, Shavitt Sharon, Johnson Timothy
Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61520, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Jan;90(1):165-78. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.165.
Research suggests that collectivists are more likely to engage in deception and socially desirable responding to maintain good relationships with others. In contrast, individualists are portrayed as candid and sincere because individualism encourages people to "be yourself." The authors propose that people with both types of cultural orientations or backgrounds engage in desirable responding, albeit in distinct ways. In Study 1, respondents from the United States compared with those from Singapore, and European Americans compared with Asian Americans, scored higher on self-deceptive enhancement (SDE)-the tendency to see oneself in a positive light and to give inflated assessment of one's skills and abilities- but lower on impression management (IM) by misrepresenting their self-reported actions to appear more normatively appropriate. In Studies 2 to 4, horizontal individualism as a cultural orientation correlated with SDE but not with IM, whereas horizontal collectivism correlated with IM but not with SDE. Further analyses examining (a) individual differences in the tendency to answer deceptively and (b) responses to behavioral scenarios shed additional light on the culturally relevant goals served by these distinct types of socially desirable responding.
研究表明，集体主义者更有可能进行欺骗以及做出符合社会期望的回应，以维持与他人的良好关系。相比之下，个人主义者被描绘为坦率和真诚的，因为个人主义鼓励人们“做自己”。作者提出，具有这两种文化取向或背景的人都会做出符合期望的回应，尽管方式不同。在研究1中，来自美国的受访者与来自新加坡的受访者相比，以及欧裔美国人与亚裔美国人相比，在自我欺骗性增强（SDE）方面得分更高——即倾向于以积极的眼光看待自己，并对自己的技能和能力给予过高评价——但在印象管理（IM）方面得分较低，后者是指通过歪曲自我报告的行为以使自己看起来更符合规范。在研究2至4中，作为一种文化取向的水平个人主义与SDE相关，但与IM无关，而水平集体主义与IM相关，但与SDE无关。进一步分析（a）欺骗性回答倾向的个体差异和（b）对行为场景的反应，为这些不同类型的符合社会期望的回应所服务的与文化相关的目标提供了更多线索。
