Boldemann Cecilia, Blennow Margareta, Dal Henrik, Mårtensson Fredrika, Raustorp Anders, Yuen Katarina, Wester Ulf
Center for Public Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Prev Med. 2006 Apr;42(4):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.12.006. Epub 2006 Jan 30.
The physical qualities of outdoor environments are important to trigger healthy behavior in children. We studied the impact of outdoor environments upon spontaneous physical activity and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in 4- to 6-year-old children at 11 preschools in Stockholm county.
In May-June 2004, pedometry and measurement of UV radiation were carried out on 197 children from 11 preschools in Stockholm county. Outdoor environments differed regarding vegetation, topography, space, and education. Ambient global UV radiation data were collected, free sky, and ground surface assessed. Arrival, in- and outdoor stay, and departure were recorded. For analysis, linear mixed model analysis was applied.
In environments with trees, shrubbery, and broken ground, the mean step count/min was 21.5, and mean exposure to UV radiation as fraction of available UV during play outdoors 14.6%. In delimited environments with little vegetation, the mean step count/min was 17.7 and mean exposure fraction to UV radiation 24.3% (P < 0.001, crude). Step/min range was 8.9-30.0 (girls) and 8.8-37.2 (boys), UV radiation exposure range 4-60% (no difference between genders).
Spacious preschool environments with trees, shrubbery, and broken ground trigger physical activity and yield sun protection in outdoor play. As many children attend preschool, access to such environments is recommended in community architecture.
户外环境的物理特性对于激发儿童的健康行为很重要。我们研究了斯德哥尔摩县11所幼儿园4至6岁儿童的户外环境对其自发身体活动和紫外线（UV）暴露的影响。
2004年5月至6月，对斯德哥尔摩县11所幼儿园的197名儿童进行了步数测量和紫外线辐射测量。户外环境在植被、地形、空间和教育方面存在差异。收集了环境总紫外线辐射数据，评估了天空和地面情况。记录了儿童的到达、室内外停留和离开情况。分析采用线性混合模型分析。
在有树木、灌木丛和起伏地面的环境中，平均每分钟步数为21.5步，户外玩耍期间紫外线辐射暴露量占可用紫外线的比例平均为14.6%。在植被较少的有限环境中，平均每分钟步数为17.7步，紫外线辐射暴露比例平均为24.3%（粗略分析，P<0.001）。每分钟步数范围为8.9 - 30.0步（女孩）和8.8 - 37.2步（男孩），紫外线辐射暴露范围为4% - 60%（性别间无差异）。
有树木、灌木丛和起伏地面的宽敞幼儿园环境能激发户外活动，并在户外玩耍时提供防晒保护。由于许多儿童都上幼儿园，社区建筑中建议提供这样的环境。
