Mårtensson F, Boldemann C, Söderström M, Blennow M, Englund J-E, Grahn P
Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
Health Place. 2009 Dec;15(4):1149-57. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Jul 16.
The restorative potential of green outdoor environments for children in preschool settings was investigated by measuring the attention of children playing in settings with different environmental features. Eleven preschools with outdoor environments typical for the Stockholm area were assessed using the outdoor play environment categories (OPEC) and the fraction of visible sky from play structures (sky view factor), and 198 children, aged 4.5-6.5 years, were rated by the staff for inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behaviors with the ECADDES tool. Children playing in large and integrated outdoor areas containing large areas of trees, shrubbery and a hilly terrain showed less often behaviors of inattention (p<.05). The choice of tool for assessment of attention is discussed in relation to outdoor stay and play characteristics in Swedish preschool settings. The results indicate that the restorative potential of green outdoor environments applies also to preschool children and that environmental assessment tools as OPEC can be useful when to locate and develop health-promoting land adjacent to preschools.
通过测量在具有不同环境特征的场所玩耍的儿童的注意力，研究了绿色户外环境对学龄前儿童的恢复潜力。使用户外游戏环境类别（OPEC）和从游戏结构可见的天空比例（天空视野因子）对11所具有斯德哥尔摩地区典型户外环境的幼儿园进行了评估，并用ECADDES工具由工作人员对198名4.5至6.5岁的儿童的注意力不集中、多动和冲动行为进行了评分。在包含大片树木及灌木丛和丘陵地形的大型综合户外区域玩耍的儿童注意力不集中行为出现的频率较低（p<0.05）。结合瑞典幼儿园户外停留和玩耍的特点，讨论了注意力评估工具的选择。结果表明，绿色户外环境的恢复潜力也适用于学龄前儿童，并且像OPEC这样的环境评估工具在定位和开发幼儿园附近促进健康的土地时可能会很有用。
