Reeve L, Reeve K F, Brown A K, Brown J L, Poulson C L
Queens College, Flushing, New York 11367-1597.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 Jul;58(1):1-8. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-1.
Three previous studies have failed to demonstrate conditioning in infants using a 3-s delay of reinforcement. The effects of a delayed reinforcement schedule on vocalization rates therefore were explored in a single-subject repeated-reversal experimental design for 3 4- to 6-month-old normally developing infants. Each infant received delayed social reinforcement from his or her parent for vocalizing. The comparison condition was a schedule of differential reinforcement of behavior other than vocalizations to control for elicitation by social stimulation. An operant level of infant vocalizations was the initial condition, after which the differential reinforcement schedule was implemented in an across-subjects multiple baseline design. Infants' vocalization rates increased above levels measured during differential reinforcement following onset of the delayed reinforcement condition. Also, vocalization rates decreased during differential reinforcement compared to operant levels. The successful use of delayed reinforcement schedules with infants in this study, as opposed to others, is discussed in terms of procedural differences among them.
此前有三项研究未能证明在婴儿中使用3秒延迟强化能产生条件作用。因此，采用单受试者重复反转实验设计，对3名4至6个月大发育正常的婴儿，探究延迟强化时间表对发声频率的影响。每个婴儿发声时都会从其父母那里得到延迟的社会强化。对照条件是对发声以外的行为进行差别强化的时间表，以控制社会刺激引发的反应。婴儿发声的操作水平是初始条件，之后在受试者间多基线设计中实施差别强化时间表。在延迟强化条件开始后，婴儿的发声频率高于差别强化期间测得的水平。此外，与操作水平相比，差别强化期间发声频率降低。本研究中与其他研究不同，成功地对婴儿使用了延迟强化时间表，针对它们之间的程序差异进行了讨论。
