Reeve L, Reeve K F, Poulson C L
Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing 11367-1597.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1993 Nov;60(3):515-27. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-515.
This study is an exploration of the parameters of delayed reinforcement with 6 infants (2 to 6 months old) in two experiments using single-subject repeated-reversal designs. In Experiment 1, unsignaled 3-s delayed reinforcement was used to increase infant vocalization rate when compared to a differential-reinforcement-of-other-than-vocalization condition and a yoked, no-contingency comparison condition. In Experiment 2, unsignaled 5-s delayed reinforcement was used to increase infant vocalization rate when compared to an alternating-treatments comparison condition. The alternating-treatments comparison consisted of 3-min components of differential reinforcement of other behavior and 3-min components of a nontreatment baseline. Successful conditioning was obtained in both experiments. These results contrast with those of previous infancy researchers who did not obtained conditioning with delays of 3 s and who attributed their findings to the limitations of the infant's memory capacity. We present an alternative conceptual framework and methodology for the analysis of delayed reinforcement in infants.
本研究采用单被试重复反转设计，在两个实验中对6名婴儿（2至6个月大）的延迟强化参数进行了探索。在实验1中，与发声以外行为的差别强化条件和配对的无偶然联系比较条件相比，使用无信号3秒延迟强化来提高婴儿的发声率。在实验2中，与交替处理比较条件相比，使用无信号5秒延迟强化来提高婴儿的发声率。交替处理比较由其他行为的差别强化的3分钟部分和非处理基线的3分钟部分组成。两个实验均获得了成功的条件作用。这些结果与之前婴儿研究的结果形成对比，之前的研究未能在3秒延迟情况下获得条件作用，并将其结果归因于婴儿记忆能力的局限性。我们提出了一个用于分析婴儿延迟强化的替代概念框架和方法。
