农药施用者中二甲戊灵暴露与癌症发病率
Pendimethalin exposure and cancer incidence among pesticide applicators.
作者信息
Hou Lifang, Lee Won Jin, Rusiecki Jennifer, Hoppin Jane A, Blair Aaron, Bonner Matthew R, Lubin Jay H, Samanic Claudine, Sandler Dale P, Dosemeci Mustafa, Alavanja Michael C R
机构信息
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
出版信息
Epidemiology. 2006 May;17(3):302-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ede.0000201398.82658.50.
BACKGROUND
Pendimethalin, a widely used herbicide, has been classified as a group C possible human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We evaluated the incidence of cancer in relation to reported pendimethelin use among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.
METHODS
Information on pesticide use came from two questionnaires (enrollment and take-home). The present analysis includes 9089 pendimethalin-exposed and 15,285 nonpendimethalin-exposed pesticide applicators with complete information on pendimethalin use and covariates from a take-home questionnaire. We conducted Poisson regression analyses to evaluate the association of pendimethalin exposure with cancer incidence (mean follow-up = 7.5 years) using two exposure metrics: tertiles of lifetime days of exposure and tertiles of intensity-weighted lifetime days of exposure.
RESULTS
Overall cancer incidence did not increase with increasing lifetime pendimethalin use, and there was no clear evidence of an association between pendimethalin use and risks for specific cancers. The risk for rectal cancer rose with increasing lifetime pendimethalin exposure when using nonexposed as the reference (rate ratio = 4.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.5-12.7 for the highest exposed subjects; P for trend = 0.007), but the association was attenuated when using the low exposed as the referent group (P for trend = 0.08). Similar patterns for rectal cancer were observed when using intensity-weighted exposure-days. The number of rectal cancer cases among the pendimethalin-exposed was small (n = 19). There was some evidence for an elevated risk for lung cancer, but the excess occurred only in the highest exposure category for lifetime pendimethalin exposure. The trends for lung cancer risk were inconsistent for different exposure metrics.
CONCLUSIONS
We did not find a clear association of lifetime pendimethalin exposure either with overall cancer incidence or with specific cancer sites.
背景
二甲戊灵是一种广泛使用的除草剂，已被美国环境保护局列为C类可能的人类致癌物。在农业健康研究中，我们评估了爱荷华州和北卡罗来纳州有执照的农药施用者中，与报告的二甲戊灵使用情况相关的癌症发病率，该研究是一个前瞻性队列研究。
方法
农药使用信息来自两份问卷（入组问卷和带回家问卷）。本分析纳入了9089名接触二甲戊灵和15285名未接触二甲戊灵的农药施用者，他们在带回家问卷中具有关于二甲戊灵使用情况和协变量的完整信息。我们进行了泊松回归分析，使用两种暴露指标评估二甲戊灵暴露与癌症发病率（平均随访时间 = 7.5年）之间的关联：终生暴露天数的三分位数和强度加权终生暴露天数的三分位数。
结果
总体癌症发病率并未随着终生二甲戊灵使用量的增加而上升，并且没有明确证据表明二甲戊灵使用与特定癌症风险之间存在关联。当以未接触者作为对照时，直肠癌风险随着终生二甲戊灵暴露量的增加而上升（发病率比 = 4.3；最高暴露组为1.5 - 12.7；趋势P值 = 0.007），但当以低暴露组作为参照组时，这种关联减弱（趋势P值 = 0.08）。使用强度加权暴露天数时，观察到直肠癌有类似模式。接触二甲戊灵者中的直肠癌病例数较少（n = 19）。有一些证据表明肺癌风险升高，但仅在终生二甲戊灵暴露的最高暴露类别中出现过量风险。不同暴露指标下肺癌风险的趋势不一致。
结论
我们未发现终生二甲戊灵暴露与总体癌症发病率或特定癌症部位之间存在明确关联。
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