MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 3;55(4):97-9.
Paralytic poliomyelitis is rare in the United States because of the success of universal childhood immunization and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Poliovirus vaccine was introduced in the 1950s. Since then, the United States has eliminated indigenous wild poliovirus transmission, controlled imported wild poliovirus cases, and, through a vaccine policy change (i.e., from live, attenuated oral polio vaccine [OPV] to inactivated polio vaccine [IPV]), eliminated vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) cases. The most recent VAPP case occurred in 1999. The primary risk for paralytic polio for U.S. residents is through travel to countries where polio remains endemic or where polio outbreaks are occurring. This report describes the first known occurrence of imported VAPP in an unvaccinated U.S. adult who traveled abroad, where she likely was exposed through contact with an infant recently vaccinated with OPV. This case highlights the previously unrecognized risk for paralytic polio among unvaccinated persons exposed to OPV during travel abroad.
由于儿童全面免疫计划和全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动取得成功，在美国，麻痹性脊髓灰质炎已较为罕见。脊髓灰质炎疫苗于20世纪50年代问世。自那时起，美国已消除本土野生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播，控制了输入性野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例，并通过疫苗政策变更（即从减毒活口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗[OPV]改为灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗[IPV]）消除了疫苗相关麻痹性脊髓灰质炎（VAPP）病例。最近一例VAPP病例发生在1999年。美国居民患麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的主要风险来自前往脊髓灰质炎仍然流行或正在爆发脊髓灰质炎疫情的国家旅行。本报告描述了首例已知的输入性VAPP病例，患者为一名未接种疫苗的美国成年人，她在国外旅行期间可能通过接触近期接种了OPV的婴儿而接触到病毒。该病例凸显了未接种疫苗者在国外旅行期间接触OPV后患麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的此前未被认识到的风险。
