Kepenekci Yasemin Karaman, Cinkir Sakir
Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences, 06590 Cebeci Ankara, Turkey.
Child Abuse Negl. 2006 Feb;30(2):193-204. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.10.005. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
The purpose of this study was to investigate school bullying among public high school students in Turkey.
This study used a survey to examine different aspects of bullying in schools. The participants (N = 692) were students chosen from five state high schools in Ankara in the 2000-2001 academic year. A self-administered questionnaire of 28 single or multiple-choice questions was devised by the authors to examine the students' perceptions of bullying in schools. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to interpret the data.
Of the total of 692 students, everyone reported having been bullied. Thirty three point five percent had been bullied verbally, 35.5% had been bullied physically, 28.3% had been bullied emotionally, and 15.6% had been bullied sexually, at least once during the academic year. Victims were faced with one or more types of bullying. There were clear gender differences, with boys consistently experiencing more physical bullying including kicking-slapping, assault with a knife, rude physical jokes, and more verbal bullying including name calling and insulting-swearing (all significant at p < .001). Among the four types of bullying, the most common forms of bullying faced by girls and boys were the same in order: pushing (58.1% girls/63.5% boys) and name-calling (44.1%/61.8%). About one-third of the students stated that they did not get any help in coping with bullying. The main reason for bullying was pretending to be strong (43.1%). Among the four types of bullying in both genders, students generally reported negative views about the consequences on them including low psychological well-being, poor social adjustment, and psychological distress.
Bullying is a serious problem in schools in Turkey and is a matter of recent concern. This is the first research investigating bullying in Turkey. At the present there is no policy at the central level to deal with bullying. It is expected that the results of this study will raise the awareness of students, teachers, school principals, and educational managers and parents to the problem.
本研究旨在调查土耳其公立高中学生中的校园欺凌现象。
本研究采用一项调查来考察校园欺凌的不同方面。参与者（N = 692）是2000 - 2001学年从安卡拉五所国立高中挑选出的学生。作者设计了一份包含28个单项或多项选择题的自填式问卷，以考察学生对校园欺凌的认知。采用描述性统计分析来解读数据。
在总共692名学生中，每个人都报告曾遭受过欺凌。在本学年，33.5%的学生曾遭受言语欺凌，35.5%曾遭受身体欺凌，28.3%曾遭受情感欺凌，15.6%曾遭受性欺凌，至少一次。受害者面临一种或多种类型的欺凌。存在明显的性别差异，男孩一直遭受更多的身体欺凌，包括踢打、用刀袭击、粗俗的身体玩笑，以及更多的言语欺凌，包括辱骂和侮辱性咒骂（所有差异在p < 0.001时均显著）。在四种欺凌类型中，女孩和男孩面临的最常见欺凌形式依次相同：推搡（58.1%的女孩/63.5%的男孩）和辱骂（44.1%/61.8%）。约三分之一的学生表示在应对欺凌时没有得到任何帮助。欺凌的主要原因是假装强势（43.1%）。在男女的四种欺凌类型中，学生普遍报告了欺凌对他们造成的负面影响，包括心理健康状况不佳、社交适应不良和心理困扰。
欺凌在土耳其的学校中是一个严重问题，且是近期备受关注的问题。这是在土耳其调查欺凌现象的第一项研究。目前中央层面没有应对欺凌的政策。预计本研究结果将提高学生、教师、学校校长、教育管理人员和家长对该问题的认识。
