Hyönä Jukka, Nurminen Anna-Mari
Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland.
Br J Psychol. 2006 Feb;97(Pt 1):31-50. doi: 10.1348/000712605X53678.
The present study was carried out to investigate individual differences in reading styles among competent adult readers and to examine whether readers are aware of their reading style. Individual reading strategies were studied by having the participants read a long expository text while their eye fixation patterns were registered. A cluster analysis was performed on the eye movement data to distinguish between different reading styles. The analysis revealed three types of readers that were coined, following Hyönä, Lorch, and Kaakinen (2002), fast linear readers, slow linear readers, and topic structure processors. Readers' procedural awareness of their reading behaviour was assessed by a questionnaire. The verbal reports obtained by the questionnaire were then correlated with the corresponding eye behaviour to investigate the extent to which the readers behave the way they report doing. The correlations showed that adult readers are well aware of their general reading speed and reasonably aware of their lookback and rereading behaviour. The amount of time spent looking back in text also correlated positively with the relative success in recalling the main points expressed in the text. It is concluded that systematic and extensive looking back in text is indicative of strategic behaviour.
本研究旨在调查有能力的成年读者在阅读方式上的个体差异，并检验读者是否意识到自己的阅读方式。通过让参与者阅读一篇长篇说明文并记录他们的眼动注视模式来研究个体阅读策略。对眼动数据进行聚类分析，以区分不同的阅读方式。分析揭示了三种类型的读者，按照许纳、洛奇和卡基宁（2002年）的说法，分别是快速线性阅读者、慢速线性阅读者和主题结构处理者。通过问卷调查评估读者对其阅读行为的过程意识。然后将问卷调查获得的口头报告与相应的眼动行为进行关联，以研究读者的行为与他们报告的行为方式的相符程度。相关性表明，成年读者清楚地意识到自己的总体阅读速度，并且对自己的回视和重读行为有一定的认识。在文本中回视所花费的时间量也与回忆文本中表达的要点的相对成功率呈正相关。研究得出结论，在文本中进行系统而广泛的回视表明是一种策略性行为。
