Educational Psychology Department, University of Utah, 1705 Campus Center Dr., Rm. 113, Salt Lake City, UT 84115, USA.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2012 Sep;18(3):301-13. doi: 10.1037/a0028307. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
Our goal was to evaluate an alternative to current methods for detecting deception in security screening contexts. We evaluated a new cognitive-based test of deception that measured participants' ocular-motor responses (pupil responses and reading behaviors) while they read and responded to statements on a computerized questionnaire. In Experiment 1, participants from a university community were randomly assigned to either a "guilty" group that committed one of two mock crimes or an "innocent" group that only learned about the crime. Participants then reported for testing, where they completed the computer-administered questionnaire that addressed their possible involvement in the crimes. Experiment 2 also manipulated participants' incentive to pass the test and difficulty of statements on the test. In both experiments, guilty participants had increased pupil responses to statements answered deceptively; however, they spent less time fixating on, reading, and rereading those statements than statements answered truthfully. These ocular-motor measures were optimally weighted in a discrimination function that correctly classified 85% of participants as either guilty or innocent. Findings from Experiment 2 indicated that group discrimination was improved with greater incentives to pass the test and the use of statements with simple syntax. The present findings suggest that two cognitive processes are involved in deception-vigilance and strategy-and that these processes are reflected in different ocular-motor measures. The ocular-motor test reported here represents a new approach to detecting deception that may fill an important need in security screening contexts.
我们的目标是评估一种替代当前在安全筛查情境中检测欺骗的方法。我们评估了一种新的基于认知的欺骗测试，该测试测量了参与者在计算机化问卷上阅读和回答陈述时的眼球运动反应（瞳孔反应和阅读行为）。在实验 1 中，来自大学社区的参与者被随机分配到“有罪”组或“无辜”组。“有罪”组犯下了两种模拟犯罪中的一种，而“无辜”组仅了解犯罪情况。然后，参与者报告进行测试，在那里他们完成了计算机管理的问卷，其中涉及他们可能参与犯罪的情况。实验 2 还操纵了参与者通过测试的动机和测试中陈述的难度。在这两个实验中，有罪参与者对欺骗性回答的陈述的瞳孔反应增加；然而，他们花在注视、阅读和重新阅读这些陈述上的时间比真实回答的陈述要少。这些眼球运动测量结果在一个判别函数中进行了最佳加权，该函数正确地将 85%的参与者分类为有罪或无罪。实验 2 的结果表明，随着通过测试的动机增加和使用具有简单语法的陈述，组别的区分得到了改善。本研究结果表明，欺骗涉及两种认知过程——警惕和策略——这些过程反映在不同的眼球运动测量结果中。这里报告的眼球运动测试代表了一种新的检测欺骗的方法，可能满足安全筛查情境中的重要需求。
