Ordovas José M
Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, the Gerald J and Dorothy R Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):443S-446S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.443S.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms are an integral component of the evolutionary process that over millennia have resulted from the interaction between the environment and the human genome. Relatively recent changes in diet have upset this interaction with respect to the nutritional environment, but nutritional science is beginning to better understand the interaction between genes and diet, with the resulting potential to influence cardiovascular disease risk by dietary modification. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genes have been linked to differential effects in terms of lipid metabolism; however, even a simple model of benefit and risk is difficult to interpret in terms of dietary advice to carriers of the various alleles because of conflicting interactions between different genes. The n-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids is underrepresented in our modern diet; much of the benefit of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in studies of various polymorphisms seems to be linked to increased n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. The nascent science of nutrigenomics faces many challenges; more and better research is needed to clarify the picture, rebut scepticism, and re-invigorate the discussion concerning genetic polymorphism and its interaction with diet.
单核苷酸多态性是进化过程中不可或缺的一部分，数千年来，它源于环境与人类基因组之间的相互作用。相对近期的饮食变化扰乱了这种在营养环境方面的相互作用，但营养科学开始更好地理解基因与饮食之间的相互作用，从而有可能通过饮食调整来影响心血管疾病风险。几个基因中的单核苷酸多态性已与脂质代谢方面的不同影响相关联；然而，由于不同基因之间存在相互冲突的相互作用，即使是一个简单的利弊模型，在为各种等位基因携带者提供饮食建议时也难以解释。现代饮食中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸家族含量不足；在各种多态性研究中发现的多不饱和脂肪酸的许多益处似乎与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量增加有关。营养基因组学这一新兴科学面临许多挑战；需要更多更好的研究来澄清情况；反驳怀疑论，并重新激发关于基因多态性及其与饮食相互作用的讨论。
