Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jun 18;55(6):283. doi: 10.3390/medicina55060283.
Regarding cancer as a genetic multi-factorial disease, a number of aspects need to be investigated and analyzed in terms of cancer's predisposition, development and prognosis. One of these multi-dimensional factors, which has gained increased attention in the oncological field due to its unelucidated role in risk assessment for cancer, is diet. Moreover, as studies advance, a clearer connection between diet and the molecular alteration of patients is becoming identifiable and quantifiable, thereby replacing the old general view associating specific phenotypical changes with the differential intake of nutrients. Respectively, there are two major fields concentrated on the interrelation between genome and diet: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics studies the effects of nutrition at the gene level, whereas nutrigenomics studies the effect of nutrients on genome and transcriptome patterns. By precisely evaluating the interaction between the genomic profile of patients and their nutrient intake, it is possible to envision a concept of personalized medicine encompassing nutrition and health care. The list of nutrients that could have an inhibitory effect on cancer development is quite extensive, with evidence in the scientific literature. The administration of these nutrients showed significant results in vitro and in vivo regarding cancer inhibition, although more studies regarding administration in effective doses in actual patients need to be done.
将癌症视为一种遗传多因素疾病，需要从癌症易感性、发展和预后等多个方面进行调查和分析。这些多维因素之一，由于其在癌症风险评估中的作用尚未阐明，在肿瘤学领域引起了越来越多的关注，那就是饮食。此外，随着研究的进展，人们越来越清楚地认识到饮食与患者分子变化之间的联系，并能够对其进行量化，从而取代了将特定表型变化与营养物质的差异摄入联系起来的旧观点。分别有两个主要领域专注于基因组和饮食之间的相互关系：营养遗传学和营养基因组学。营养遗传学研究营养在基因水平上的影响，而营养基因组学则研究营养素对基因组和转录组模式的影响。通过精确评估患者基因组特征与其营养摄入之间的相互作用，可以设想一种包含营养和保健的个性化医疗概念。具有抑制癌症发展作用的营养素的清单相当广泛，并且在科学文献中有证据支持。这些营养素的管理在体外和体内都显示出对癌症抑制的显著效果，尽管需要更多关于在实际患者中有效剂量给药的研究。
