Kydd Julia H, Townsend Hugh G G, Hannant Duncan
Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, United Kingdom.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2006 May 15;111(1-2):15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Feb 14.
Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an alphaherpesvirus which infects horses, causing respiratory and neurological disease and abortion in pregnant mares. Latency is established in trigeminal ganglia and lymphocytes. Immunity to EHV-1 lasts between 3 and 6 months. Current vaccines, many of which contain inactivated virus, have reduced the incidence of abortion storms in pregnant mares but individual animals, which may be of high commercial value, remain susceptible to infection. The development of effective vaccines which stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses remains a priority. Utilising data generated following experimental and field infections of the target species, this review describes the immunopathogenesis of EHV-1 and the interaction between the horse's immune system and this virus, both in vivo and in vitro, and identifies immune responses, highlighting those which have been associated with protective immunity. It then goes on to recount a brief history of vaccination, outlines factors likely to influence the outcome of vaccine administration and describes the immune response stimulated by a selection of commercial and experimental vaccines. Finally, based on the available data, a rational strategy designed to stimulate protective immune responses by vaccination is outlined.
马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）是一种α疱疹病毒，可感染马匹，导致呼吸道疾病、神经疾病以及怀孕母马流产。病毒潜伏于三叉神经节和淋巴细胞中。对EHV-1的免疫力持续3至6个月。目前的许多疫苗都含有灭活病毒，这些疫苗降低了怀孕母马流产风暴的发生率，但具有高商业价值的个体动物仍易受感染。开发能刺激体液免疫和细胞免疫反应的有效疫苗仍然是首要任务。利用在目标物种的实验性感染和野外感染后产生的数据，本综述描述了EHV-1的免疫发病机制以及马的免疫系统与该病毒在体内和体外的相互作用，并确定了免疫反应，突出了那些与保护性免疫相关的反应。接着，本文回顾了疫苗接种的简要历史，概述了可能影响疫苗接种效果的因素，并描述了一些商业疫苗和实验性疫苗所激发的免疫反应。最后，根据现有数据，概述了一种旨在通过疫苗接种刺激保护性免疫反应的合理策略。
