Dalle-Donne Isabella, Rossi Ranieri, Colombo Roberto, Giustarini Daniela, Milzani Aldo
Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Clin Chem. 2006 Apr;52(4):601-23. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408. Epub 2006 Feb 16.
Oxidative/nitrosative stress, a pervasive condition of increased amounts of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, is now recognized to be a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases and even of the normal aging process. However, definitive evidence for this association has often been lacking because of recognized shortcomings with biomarkers and/or methods available to assess oxidative stress status in humans. Emphasis is now being placed on biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are objectively measured and evaluated as indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention. To be a predictor of disease, a biomarker must be validated. Validation criteria include intrinsic qualities such as specificity, sensitivity, degree of inter- and intraindividual variability, and knowledge of the confounding and modifying factors. In addition, characteristics of the sampling and analytical procedures are of relevance, including constraints and noninvasiveness of sampling, stability of potential biomarkers, and the simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and speed of the analytical method. Here we discuss some of the more commonly used biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative damage and include selected examples of human studies.
氧化/亚硝化应激，即活性氧/氮物质含量增加的一种普遍状态，如今被认为是许多急性和慢性疾病乃至正常衰老过程的一个显著特征。然而，由于用于评估人类氧化应激状态的生物标志物和/或方法存在公认的缺陷，这种关联的确定性证据往往不足。现在人们将重点放在氧化应激的生物标志物上，这些标志物经过客观测量和评估，可作为正常生物过程、致病过程或对治疗干预的药理反应的指标。要成为疾病的预测指标，生物标志物必须经过验证。验证标准包括特异性、敏感性、个体间和个体内变异性程度等内在特性，以及对混杂和修饰因素的了解。此外，采样和分析程序的特点也很重要，包括采样的限制和非侵入性、潜在生物标志物的稳定性以及分析方法的简便性、敏感性、特异性和速度。在此，我们讨论一些更常用的氧化/亚硝化损伤生物标志物，并列举一些人体研究的实例。
