Abadie Alberto, Gay Sebastien
Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, 79 JFK Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
J Health Econ. 2006 Jul;25(4):599-620. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.01.003. Epub 2006 Feb 21.
In the U.S., Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In some countries of continental Europe, however, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent. Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classified as a potential donor in absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. This article analyzes the impact of presumed consent laws on donation rates. For this purpose, we construct a dataset on organ donation rates and potential factors affecting organ donation for 22 countries over a 10-year period. We find that while differences in other determinants of organ donation explain much of the variation in donation rates, after controlling for those determinants presumed consent legislation has a positive and sizeable effect on organ donation rates. We use the panel structure of our dataset to test and reject the hypothesis that unmeasured determinants of organ donation rates confound our empirical results.
在美国、英国以及许多其他国家，尽管政府和卫生机构努力推动器官捐赠登记，但用于移植的人体器官供需缺口仍在扩大。然而，在欧洲大陆的一些国家，尸体器官获取基于推定同意原则。根据推定同意立法，在死者生前未明确反对捐赠的情况下，该死者被归类为潜在捐赠者。本文分析了推定同意法对捐赠率的影响。为此，我们构建了一个数据集，涵盖22个国家在10年期间的器官捐赠率以及影响器官捐赠的潜在因素。我们发现，虽然器官捐赠其他决定因素的差异解释了捐赠率的大部分变化，但在控制这些决定因素后，推定同意立法对器官捐赠率有积极且显著的影响。我们利用数据集的面板结构来检验并拒绝这样一种假设，即器官捐赠率中无法衡量的决定因素混淆了我们的实证结果。
