Lauder William, Reel Sally, Farmer Jane, Griggs Harvey
School of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Nurs Inq. 2006 Mar;13(1):73-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2006.00297.x.
The notion of social capital focuses attention on social connectedness within communities and the ways that this connectedness may affect health and well-being. There are many competing definitions of social capital but most suggest that it involves trust, social networks and reciprocity within communities, not necessarily geographically defined. The usefulness of social capital and related theories that help in understanding the function of nurses in rural communities are explored in this paper. Nurses and health service planners are becoming increasingly aware of the potential contribution of community nurses in rural and/or remote areas, as evidenced in the development of nurse practitioners. Through their interrelational role and status in rural communities, nurses are often 'immersed' or 'embedded' in the social networks that make up the fabric of rural life and may therefore be important contributors to social capital. For a concept such as social capital to be useful in nursing research, it must have distinct attributes, delineated boundaries, and well-described preconditions and outcomes in multiple contexts.
社会资本的概念将关注点聚焦于社区内的社会联系以及这种联系可能影响健康和幸福的方式。对于社会资本存在许多相互竞争的定义，但大多数定义表明，它涉及社区内的信任、社会网络和互惠，不一定局限于地理范畴。本文探讨了社会资本及相关理论在帮助理解农村社区护士职能方面的作用。护士和卫生服务规划者越来越意识到社区护士在农村和/或偏远地区的潜在贡献，执业护士的发展就是明证。通过在农村社区中的人际关系角色和地位，护士常常“融入”或“嵌入”构成农村生活结构的社会网络，因此可能是社会资本的重要贡献者。对于社会资本这样一个概念要在护理研究中有用，它必须具有明确的属性、界定的边界以及在多种背景下有详尽描述的前提条件和结果。
