Skaggs Brenda G, Barron Cecilia R
Quality Improvement Specialist, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Mar;53(5):559-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03761.x.
The aim of this paper was to synthesize the literature related to meaning and present a conceptual analysis of searching for meaning in unexpected, significant, negative events.
Events or situations that are perceived as unexpected and negative (e.g. chronic and/or life-threatening illness) can disrupt life plans and lead to emotional distress. Nurses are in a key position to aid in the coping process by assisting individuals to integrate the meaning of an unexpected, negative event into the life experience.
In May 2004, a comprehensive literature search using the terms meaning, search for meaning, meaning-making, making meaning, life change events, adaptation-psychological, stress, and coping was carried out. Of 339 possible references, 86 were included in the analysis.
Global meaning refers to an individual's beliefs, values, and purpose/goals. Situational meaning refers to the meaning the individual attaches to a situation. When the meaning attached to the situation is not congruent with global meaning, meaning is considered shattered and a search for meaning ensues. In the search for meaning, people may attempt to change the meaning of the event (through reattributions or creating illusions) or change global meaning (through positive reappraisal, problem-solving coping, or revaluing ordinary events).
Nurses are in a key position to assist people through negative events. The process of searching for meaning provides a solid foundation for the development of nursing interventions to assist individuals through difficult times. Research is needed to develop nursing interventions based on the process of the search for meaning, as well as measures reflective of the search for meaning.
本文旨在综合与意义相关的文献，并对在意外、重大、负面事件中寻找意义进行概念分析。
被视为意外和负面的事件或情况（如慢性和/或危及生命的疾病）会扰乱生活计划并导致情绪困扰。护士在帮助应对过程中处于关键地位，可协助个体将意外负面事件的意义融入生活经历。
2004年5月，使用“意义”“寻找意义”“意义建构”“赋予意义”“生活变化事件”“适应-心理”“压力”和“应对”等术语进行了全面的文献检索。在339条可能的参考文献中，86条被纳入分析。
整体意义指个体的信念、价值观和目的/目标。情境意义指个体赋予某一情境的意义。当赋予情境的意义与整体意义不一致时，意义被认为被打破，继而开始寻找意义。在寻找意义的过程中，人们可能试图改变事件的意义（通过重新归因或制造幻想）或改变整体意义（通过积极重新评价、解决问题的应对方式或重新评估平常事件）。
护士在帮助人们度过负面事件方面处于关键地位。寻找意义的过程为开发护理干预措施以帮助个体度过困难时期提供了坚实基础。需要开展研究以基于寻找意义的过程开发护理干预措施，以及反映寻找意义的测量方法。
