Kilpeläinen Maritta, Terho Erkki O, Helenius Hans, Koskenvuo Markku
Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.
Respir Med. 2006 Sep;100(9):1518-25. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.01.011. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of asthma and wheezing. Conditioning exercise might decrease the asthma risk, and that could partly explain the association. The relation between obesity and allergic diseases is quite conflicting.
The association between body mass index (BMI) and physician-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, and self-reported wheezing was investigated in a questionnaire study among 10,667 Finnish first-year university students aged 18-25 years. Logistic regression was used to evaluate possible confounding by parental education, passive smoking at age 0-2, childhood residential environment, current and past smoking and leisure time physical activity index.
In men, there was a greater risk of asthma, but not wheezing with increasing BMI. Compared to those with BMI below 20, OR for male asthma was 1.98 (95% CI 1.11-3.52) in BMI category 20.0-22.4, 1.90 (95% CI 1.05-3.41) in BMI 22.5-24.9, and 3.5 (95% CI 1.63-7.64) in BMI > or = 27.5. Among women, the risks of asthma and wheezing were about two-fold among the overweight-obese subjects. Moderate leisure time physical activity was associated with lower risk of asthma in men (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.62 (0.42-0.92), but not among women. The risk of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis increased quite linearly with BMI among women but not men.
Low leisure time physical activity seems not to explain the greater risk of asthma among obese men and women. The quite linear association between BMI and both allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and wheezing among women suggests the independent effect of body fat on atopic diseases.
肥胖已被证明会增加患哮喘和喘息的风险。适应性锻炼可能会降低哮喘风险，这可能部分解释了这种关联。肥胖与过敏性疾病之间的关系相当矛盾。
在一项针对10667名年龄在18 - 25岁的芬兰大学一年级学生的问卷调查研究中，调查了体重指数（BMI）与医生诊断的哮喘、过敏性鼻炎或结膜炎、特应性皮炎以及自我报告的喘息之间的关联。采用逻辑回归来评估父母教育程度、0 - 2岁时的被动吸烟、童年居住环境、当前和过去的吸烟情况以及休闲时间身体活动指数可能造成的混杂影响。
在男性中，随着BMI的增加，患哮喘的风险更高，但喘息风险并非如此。与BMI低于20的人相比，BMI在20.0 - 22.4之间的男性哮喘患者的比值比（OR）为1.98（95%置信区间1.11 - 3.52），BMI在22.5 - 24.9之间的为1.90（95%置信区间1.05 - 3.41），BMI≥27.5的为3.5（95%置信区间1.63 - 7.64）。在女性中，超重 - 肥胖受试者患哮喘和喘息的风险约为两倍。适度的休闲时间身体活动与男性较低的哮喘风险相关（OR 0.62，95%置信区间0.42 - 0.92），但在女性中并非如此。女性中过敏性鼻结膜炎和特应性皮炎的风险随BMI呈相当线性的增加，而男性则不然。
休闲时间身体活动不足似乎无法解释肥胖男性和女性中较高的哮喘风险。BMI与女性过敏性鼻结膜炎和喘息之间相当线性的关联表明体脂对特应性疾病有独立影响。
