Rezwan K, Chen Q Z, Blaker J J, Boccaccini Aldo Roberto
Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK.
Biomaterials. 2006 Jun;27(18):3413-31. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.039. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are being combined in a variety of composite materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Materials and fabrication routes for three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with interconnected high porosities suitable for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. Different polymer and ceramic compositions applied and their impact on biodegradability and bioactivity of the scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo assessments. The mechanical properties of today's available porous scaffolds are analyzed in detail, revealing insufficient elastic stiffness and compressive strength compared to human bone. Further challenges in scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering such as biomolecules incorporation, surface functionalization and 3D scaffold characterization are discussed, giving possible solution strategies. Stem cell incorporation into scaffolds as a future trend is addressed shortly, highlighting the immense potential for creating next-generation synthetic/living composite biomaterials that feature high adaptiveness to the biological environment.
可生物降解聚合物和生物活性陶瓷正被结合在各种用于组织工程支架的复合材料中。本文综述了适用于骨组织工程的具有相互连接的高孔隙率的三维（3D）支架的材料和制造途径。讨论了所应用的不同聚合物和陶瓷成分及其对支架生物降解性和生物活性的影响，包括体外和体内评估。详细分析了当今可用的多孔支架的力学性能，结果表明与人体骨骼相比，其弹性刚度和抗压强度不足。还讨论了组织工程支架制造中的其他挑战，如生物分子掺入、表面功能化和3D支架表征，并给出了可能的解决策略。最后简要讨论了将干细胞掺入支架作为未来趋势，强调了创造对生物环境具有高度适应性的下一代合成/生物复合生物材料的巨大潜力。
