Steinhoff M C
Department of International Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Rev Infect Dis. 1991 May-Jun;13 Suppl 6:S562-70. doi: 10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_6.s562.
In concert with bacteria, respiratory viruses play a major role in the high rates of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) experienced in developing nations. Respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza viruses, and the adenoviruses are the predominant viral causes of ALRI in both developed and developing regions. In this review, the epidemiologic data from developing nations for these viral infections are summarized and the current status of viral vaccines for prevention of ALRI are described. Among the questions to be addressed before these vaccines are used in developing nations are (1) the age-specific rates of infection and disease, (2) the effect of high-dose early exposure to these viruses, and (3) the effect of malnutrition on the immunogenicity of the vaccines. Prospective family studies and other community-based approaches will be required in the acquisition of these data.
与细菌协同作用，呼吸道病毒在发展中国家急性下呼吸道感染（ALRI）的高发病率中起主要作用。呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒和流感病毒以及腺病毒是发达地区和发展中地区ALRI的主要病毒病因。在这篇综述中，总结了发展中国家这些病毒感染的流行病学数据，并描述了预防ALRI的病毒疫苗的现状。在这些疫苗用于发展中国家之前需要解决的问题包括：（1）特定年龄的感染率和发病率；（2）高剂量早期接触这些病毒的影响；（3）营养不良对疫苗免疫原性的影响。获取这些数据需要前瞻性家庭研究和其他基于社区的方法。
