儿童病毒性呼吸道疾病：分类、病因、流行病学及风险因素
Viral respiratory diseases in children: classification, etiology, epidemiology, and risk factors.
作者信息
Hemming V G
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799.
出版信息
J Pediatr. 1994 May;124(5 Pt 2):S13-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70185-7.
Abstract
The epidemiology, molecular structure, cell tropism, and pathophysiology of many human disease-causing viruses have been painstakingly and elegantly characterized during the past 50 years. Vaccines and antiviral drugs of varying efficacy were developed and tested. Despite the relegation of smallpox to a freezer chest and the progress in the control of measles and hepatitis B, the viruses that cause respiratory tract infections remain significant causes of illness and death in pediatric populations worldwide. This discussion surveys the virus groups that contain nearly 200 distinct viruses that cause sporadic and epidemic respiratory infections in children. The epidemiology of infection with the influenza A and B, parainfluenza, and respiratory syncytial viruses and adenoviruses and their impact on infants and children and the groups at highest risk for morbid outcomes are discussed.
摘要
在过去50年里，人们对许多人类致病病毒的流行病学、分子结构、细胞嗜性和病理生理学进行了细致而深入的研究。研发并测试了疗效各异的疫苗和抗病毒药物。尽管天花已被冷藏起来，麻疹和乙型肝炎的防控也取得了进展，但引起呼吸道感染的病毒仍是全球儿童患病和死亡的重要原因。本文讨论了几类病毒，这些病毒组包含近200种不同的病毒，可引起儿童散发性和流行性呼吸道感染。文中讨论了甲型和乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒的感染流行病学，以及它们对婴幼儿和高发病风险人群的影响。
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