Rajendram Rajkumar, Preedy Victor R
Nutritional Sciences Research Division, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Dig Dis. 2005;23(3-4):214-21. doi: 10.1159/000090168.
Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption have severe effects on the structure and function of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) which result in a vicious cycle. The healthy person who begins to drink heavily, first experiences the toxic effects of high concentrations of ethanol. Mucosal damage compromises the basic functions of the GIT. Suppression of the gastrointestinal immune system and increased transport of toxins across the mucosa result in increased susceptibility to infections. Inhibition of digestion, absorption and secretion cause diarrhea and reduce the transfer of nutrients to the rest of the body. As the individual becomes more dependent on alcohol, the functional reserve and regenerative capacity of the GIT are overwhelmed and malnutrition increases. The rate of progression of this cycle depends on several factors including nutritional intake. Whilst the clinical effects of alcohol are well recognized, more research is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
急性和慢性酒精摄入都会对整个胃肠道（GIT）的结构和功能产生严重影响，从而导致恶性循环。开始大量饮酒的健康人首先会体验到高浓度乙醇的毒性作用。黏膜损伤损害了胃肠道的基本功能。胃肠道免疫系统的抑制以及毒素跨黏膜转运的增加导致对感染的易感性增加。消化、吸收和分泌的抑制会导致腹泻，并减少营养物质向身体其他部位的转运。随着个体对酒精的依赖性增强，胃肠道的功能储备和再生能力不堪重负，营养不良加剧。这个循环的进展速度取决于包括营养摄入在内的几个因素。虽然酒精的临床影响已得到充分认识，但仍需要更多研究来全面阐明其潜在机制。
