Martin Cara M, Astbury Katharine, O'Leary John J
Department of Pathology, Coombe Women's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2006 Mar;6(2):217-29. doi: 10.1586/14737159.6.2.217.
Cervical cancer, a potentially preventable disease, remains the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus is the single most important etiological agent in cervical cancer, contributing to neoplastic progression through the action of viral oncoproteins, mainly E6 and E7, which interfere with critical cell cycle pathways, p53 and retinoblastoma. However, evidence suggests that human papillomavirus infection alone is insufficient to induce malignant changes and that other host genetic variations are important in the development of cervical cancer. This article will discuss the latest molecular profiling techniques available and review the published literature relating to their role in the diagnosis and management of cervical dysplasia and cancer. It is hoped that these techniques will allow the detection of novel biomarkers at DNA, RNA, microRNA and protein levels, which may ultimately play a role in facilitating early disease diagnosis and in predicting response to therapies, thus allowing the development of personalized treatment strategies.
宫颈癌是一种潜在可预防的疾病，仍然是全球女性中第二常见的恶性肿瘤。人乳头瘤病毒是宫颈癌中唯一最重要的病因，通过病毒癌蛋白（主要是E6和E7）的作用导致肿瘤进展，这些蛋白干扰关键的细胞周期途径、p53和视网膜母细胞瘤。然而，有证据表明，仅人乳头瘤病毒感染不足以诱发恶性变化，其他宿主基因变异在宫颈癌的发生发展中也很重要。本文将讨论现有的最新分子分析技术，并回顾已发表的有关它们在宫颈发育异常和癌症诊断及管理中作用的文献。希望这些技术能够在DNA、RNA、微小RNA和蛋白质水平检测到新的生物标志物，这最终可能有助于早期疾病诊断和预测对治疗的反应，从而制定个性化的治疗策略。
