Moritz Steffen, Woodward Todd S, Rodriguez-Raecke Rea
Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Hamburg, Germany.
Psychol Med. 2006 May;36(5):659-67. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706007252. Epub 2006 Mar 2.
Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia consistently demonstrate impairment in memory acquisition. However, no empirical consensus has been achieved on whether or not patients are more prone to produce false memories.
A visual variant of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was administered to 35 schizophrenia patients and 34 healthy controls. Recognition and recognition confidence were later tested for studied and lure items. Strong contextual cues at recognition encouraged adoption of a gist-based retrieval strategy, which was predicted to elicit over-confidence in errors and increase the false memory rate in patients.
Patients were significantly impaired on true item recognition but did not display more false memories than healthy subjects. As predicted from prior findings by our group, patients were more confident than controls for lure items, while being at the same time under-confident for studied items (reduced confidence gap).
Although patients did not produce more false memories than controls, such errors were made with higher confidence relative to controls. The decreased confidence gap in patients is thought to stem from a gist-based recollection strategy, whereby little evidence suffices to make a strong judgment.
被诊断为精神分裂症的患者在记忆获取方面始终表现出损伤。然而，对于患者是否更容易产生错误记忆，尚未达成实证共识。
对35名精神分裂症患者和34名健康对照者采用了视觉版的迪斯-罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）范式。随后对学习过的项目和诱骗项目进行再认及再认信心测试。再认时强烈的情境线索促使采用基于要点的检索策略，预计这会导致患者对错误过度自信并提高错误记忆率。
患者在真实项目再认方面显著受损，但与健康受试者相比，并未表现出更多的错误记忆。正如我们小组先前的研究结果所预测的，患者对诱骗项目的信心高于对照组，而对学习过的项目同时信心不足（信心差距减小）。
尽管患者产生的错误记忆并不比对照组多，但与对照组相比，这些错误的产生伴随着更高的信心。患者信心差距的减小被认为源于基于要点的回忆策略，即少量证据就足以做出强烈判断。
