Katz Ran
Department of Urology, Hadassah Medical Centre, PO Box 12000 Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120 Israel.
Curr Urol Rep. 2006 Mar;7(2):100-6. doi: 10.1007/s11934-006-0067-0.
During the past decade, the clinical applications of laparoscopic surgery in urology have been growing steadily. The laparoscopic version of various procedures, such as nephrectomy, is becoming the standard of care. This has led to an increased need for laparoscopic training in urology and focused the attention on the various modalities for laparoscopic skill acquisition. The common training modalities for laparoscopy are box trainers, animal and cadaveric laparoscopy, and virtual reality simulators. Each modality carries its own benefits to the practicing surgeon. The box trainers are the first practiced and are basic training simulators. They were first designed to help with training in basic laparoscopic skills and to assist surgeons in getting acquainted with instruments. However, these simple boxes are being upgraded constantly by tissue- and organ-specific models, allowing the surgeon to train in a convenient and cost-effective environment. This article describes the ways to work with box trainers, from basic skills to advanced laparoscopic tasks, and discusses the contribution of these trainers to real surgery as well as their role in defining criterion levels of surgical performance.
在过去十年中，腹腔镜手术在泌尿外科的临床应用一直在稳步增长。各种手术的腹腔镜版本，如肾切除术，正成为标准的治疗方法。这导致了泌尿外科对腹腔镜培训的需求增加，并将注意力集中在获取腹腔镜技能的各种方式上。腹腔镜检查的常见培训方式有箱式训练器、动物和尸体腹腔镜检查以及虚拟现实模拟器。每种方式对执业外科医生都有其自身的益处。箱式训练器是首先使用的，也是基础训练模拟器。它们最初设计用于帮助进行基本腹腔镜技能的训练，并协助外科医生熟悉器械。然而，这些简单的箱子正不断通过特定组织和器官的模型进行升级，使外科医生能够在方便且经济高效的环境中进行训练。本文描述了使用箱式训练器的方法，从基本技能到高级腹腔镜任务，并讨论了这些训练器对实际手术的贡献以及它们在定义手术操作标准水平方面的作用。
